National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Game Interactivity in CAD as Productive Systems.

Abstract: Over the past few years, the interest in using games to educate, motivate, and change behaviour has grown tremendously by international groups of practitioners, educators, gamers engineers, medical scientists, and many other researchers from a variety of disciplines. Games are driven by entertainment purposes but they represent more than an entertainment, “fun” value; they associate a context of deeper learning and enjo yable experience. Hence, the article focuses on the architecture characteristics of games and computer-aided design CAD with a particular interest in CAD systems as interactive and engaging systems. The researchers further underline the importance of interoperability in the perspective of integrating game systems and CAD.

Impact of Courageous Followership towards Promoting Exemplary Leadership

Abstract: The current study focuses not only on developing leadership but also emphasizes the crucial role of employing the concept of followership effectively. The reason for this is that the leadership concept in the organization may not be effective without followership. Therefore, to obtain exemplary leadership, followership has to be inculcated, and that of courage embedded in it. The current study applied to reverse the lens approach in leadership and hypothesized the relation between courageous followership and exemplary leadership. The sample size of 255 was used for this research, chosen by employing convenience-sampling techniques due to Covid-19 conditions and restrictions. The data were screened and then using SPSS did analysis. The results show that courageous followership had an impact on exemplary leadership, meaning that courageous followers would promote exemplary leadership practices in the organizations, which can be very useful for organizations to understand and promote.

Semantic indexing for question answering system

Abstract: With the vast growth of various forms of digital data, automated indexing has become very important so that it enables the needs of the current users to be fulfilled. Keywords based indexing has failed to accommodate to the needs of the present demands. The representation of the document content as well as the indexing process is a crucial factor that ensures the success of retrieval process. Therefore, this research introduces a new approach in creating semantic indexing that uses Skolem representation which automatically indexes multiple documents into a single knowledge representation. This knowledge representation will then be used by the proposed question answering system in retrieving the answers as well as pointing to the documents the answer contains based on the user’s query. The system managed to achieve 93.84% of recall and 82.92% of precision.

Structure analysis using XRD refinement for replacement of copper (Cu) with manganese (Mn) in NdMn 2 Si 2 compound

Abstract: In magnetic materials, a change in the degrees of freedom of the spins induces thermal effects can be used in refrigeration technology. Simultaneous occurrence of changes in structure bring an effect on magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and thus influence the magnetic refrigeration operation. Structural and magnetic properties of NdMn2-xCuxSi2 compounds (x = 0 - 1.0) have been investigated by refinement of room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), DC magnetization, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Substitution of Cu for Mn leads to an increase in the lattice parameter a but a decrease in c at room temperature. Furthermore, increasing the Cu concentration in NdMn2-xCuxSi2 compounds lead to increase the secondary structure (impurity) as indicated the additional of peak in XRD measurement. Curie Temperature (TC) increases significantly with increasing Cu content from 36 K at x = 0 to 100 K at x = 1.0. Two magnetic phase transitions have been found in NdMn2-xCuxSi2 compounds refer to NdMn1.8Cu0.2Si2 compound as reference to Neel Temperature (TN) for the antiferromagnetic ordering of Mn-sublatttice and TC for the Nd-sublattice ferromagnetic ordering. The values of magnetic entropy change, –ΔSM around TC decrease from 27 J kg−1 K−1 for x = 0 to 1.5 J kg−1 K−1 for x = 1.0 under 0-5 T field with increasing of Cu concentration, respectively.

Servant Leadership and Employee Voice - the Role of Organizational Trust and Courageous Followership

Abstract: Servant leadership has been deemed crucially relevant for organizational effectiveness and success; thus, significant emphasis is laid upon enhancing and sustaining favorable attitudes and behaviors of leaders towards their followers. Earlier scholars have presented various models of servant leadership; however, a meager number of researches have concentrated on employee voice as a significant antecedent to servant leadership. Therefore, the present study analyzed the key role of employee voice on servant leadership; under the mediating role of courageous followership and moderating role of organizational trust. Employing 214 valid responses; conveniently, from the educational sector organizations operating in twin cities of Pakistan, this study found that the relationship between employee voice and servant leadership is mediated by courageous followership and moderated by the organizational trust; signifying that, a coherence among employee voice and organizational trust is likely to stimulate higher levels of courageous followership, eventually nurturing servant leadership. The study draws upon; discussion, conclusion, limitations, and implications at the closure.