Showing papers by "University of Missouri published in 2020"
Duke University1, University of British Columbia2, Albert Einstein College of Medicine3, University of Parma4, University of Wisconsin-Madison5, Lenox Hill Hospital6, Columbia University7, New Generation University College8, Medical College of Wisconsin9, Stanford University10, University of Missouri11, National Institutes of Health12, University of California, Los Angeles13, Université Paris-Saclay14, University Hospital Heidelberg15, Sichuan University16, Cleveland Clinic17, Radboud University Nijmegen18, university of lille19, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart20, Osaka University21
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing COVID-19 patients across a spectrum of healthcare environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of CXR and CT in the management of COIDs.
1,232 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, Rockefeller University3, University of California, Davis4, European Bioinformatics Institute5, Seoul National University6, Max Planck Society7, Durham University8, University of Massachusetts Amherst9, University of Adelaide10, University of Missouri11, East Carolina University12, University of Queensland13, Queen Mary University of London14, Wellington Management Company15, University of Arizona16, Natural History Museum17, Bangor University18, University of Konstanz19, Northeastern University20, Naturalis21, University of Graz22, Florida Museum of Natural History23, University of California, Santa Cruz24, Pacific Biosciences25, University of Maryland, College Park26, Harbin Institute of Technology27, University of Chicago28, Oregon Health & Science University29, Monash University Malaysia Campus30, University of Milan31, University of Copenhagen32, Pennsylvania State University33, University of Los Andes34, Agency for Science, Technology and Research35, Royal Ontario Museum36, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute37, University of East Anglia38, Pompeu Fabra University39, University College Dublin40, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign41, La Trobe University42, University of California, San Diego43, UPRRP College of Natural Sciences44, Dresden University of Technology45
TL;DR: The Vertebrate Genomes Project is embarked on, an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
Abstract: High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are only available for a few non-microbial species. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling the most accurate and complete reference genomes to date. Here we summarize these developments, introduce a set of quality standards, and present lessons learned from sequencing and assembling 16 species representing major vertebrate lineages (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes). We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of error in assemblies. Our new assemblies identify and correct substantial errors in some of the best historical reference genomes. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
567 citations
TL;DR: An approach that improves the clarity of statements to convey findings and that draws on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation is developed.
387 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that multimodal data fusion using low-cost UAV within a DNN framework can provide a relatively accurate and robust estimation of crop yield, and deliver valuable insight for high-throughput phenotyping and crop field management with high spatial precision.
362 citations
Agricultural Research Service1, University of Missouri2, National Institutes of Health3, Pacific Biosciences4, University of Adelaide5, Johns Hopkins University6, Livestock Improvement Corporation7, University of Maryland, College Park8, University of Vermont9, University of Idaho10, Institute for Animal Health11, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad12, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna13, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater14, University of California, Davis15
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that improved continuity of assembled sequence warrants the adoption of ARS-UCD1.2 as the new cattle reference genome and that increased assembly accuracy will benefit future research on this species.
Abstract: Author(s): Rosen, Benjamin D; Bickhart, Derek M; Schnabel, Robert D; Koren, Sergey; Elsik, Christine G; Tseng, Elizabeth; Rowan, Troy N; Low, Wai Y; Zimin, Aleksey; Couldrey, Christine; Hall, Richard; Li, Wenli; Rhie, Arang; Ghurye, Jay; McKay, Stephanie D; Thibaud-Nissen, Francoise; Hoffman, Jinna; Murdoch, Brenda M; Snelling, Warren M; McDaneld, Tara G; Hammond, John A; Schwartz, John C; Nandolo, Wilson; Hagen, Darren E; Dreischer, Christian; Schultheiss, Sebastian J; Schroeder, Steven G; Phillippy, Adam M; Cole, John B; Van Tassell, Curtis P; Liu, George; Smith, Timothy PL; Medrano, Juan F | Abstract: BackgroundMajor advances in selection progress for cattle have been made following the introduction of genomic tools over the past 10-12 years. These tools depend upon the Bos taurus reference genome (UMD3.1.1), which was created using now-outdated technologies and is hindered by a variety of deficiencies and inaccuracies.ResultsWe present the new reference genome for cattle, ARS-UCD1.2, based on the same animal as the original to facilitate transfer and interpretation of results obtained from the earlier version, but applying a combination of modern technologies in a de novo assembly to increase continuity, accuracy, and completeness. The assembly includes 2.7 Gb and is g250× more continuous than the original assembly, with contig N50 g25 Mb and L50 of 32. We also greatly expanded supporting RNA-based data for annotation that identifies 30,396 total genes (21,039 protein coding). The new reference assembly is accessible in annotated form for public use.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that improved continuity of assembled sequence warrants the adoption of ARS-UCD1.2 as the new cattle reference genome and that increased assembly accuracy will benefit future research on this species.
333 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of KAP towards COVID-19 immediately after the lock-down measures were implemented and during the rapid rise period of the outbreak found more accurate knowledge was associated with age and residence and more positive attitude factors were associated with female sex, older age, higher education, family income >30,000 BDT, urban area residence, and having more positive attitudes.
Abstract: In Bangladesh, an array of measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Such general population control measures could significantly influence perception, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Here, we assessed KAP towards COVID-19 immediately after the lock-down measures were implemented and during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. Online-based cross-sectional study conducted from March 29 to April 19, 2020, involving Bangladeshi residents aged 12-64 years, recruited via social media. After consenting, participants completed an online survey assessing socio-demographic variables, perception, and KAP towards COVID-19. Of the 2017 survey participants, 59.8% were male, the majority were students (71.2%), aged 21-30 years (57.9%), having a bachelor's degree (61.0%), having family income >30,000 BDT (50.0%), and living in urban areas (69.8). The survey revealed that 48.3% of participants had more accurate knowledge, 62.3% had more positive attitudes, and 55.1% had more frequent practices regarding COVID-19 prevention. Majority (96.7%) of the participants agreed 'COVID-19 is a dangerous disease', almost all (98.7%) participants wore a face mask in crowded places, 98.8% agreed to report a suspected case to health authorities, and 93.8% implemented washing hands with soap and water. In multiple logistic regression analyses, COVID-19 more accurate knowledge was associated with age and residence. Sociodemographic factors such as being older, higher education, employment, monthly family income >30,000 BDT, and having more frequent prevention practices were the more positive attitude factors. More frequent prevention practice factors were associated with female sex, older age, higher education, family income > 30,000 BDT, urban area residence, and having more positive attitudes. To improve KAP of general populations is crucial during the rapid rise period of a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19. Therefore, development of effective health education programs that incorporate considerations of KAP-modifying factors is needed.
314 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that anomia can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, consistent with other emerging international reports.
Abstract: There is accumulating anecdotal evidence that anosmia and dysgeusia are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate their relationship to SARS-CoV2 infection, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery developed the COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians for the basis of this pilot study. This tool allows health care providers to confidentially submit cases of anosmia and dysgeusia related to COVID-19. We analyzed the first 237 entries, which revealed that anosmia was noted in 73% of patients prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and was the initial symptom in 26.6%. Some improvement was noted in 27% of patients, with a mean time to improvement of 7.2 days in this group (85% of this group improved within 10 days). Our findings suggest that anomia can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, consistent with other emerging international reports. Anosmia may be critical in timely identification of individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 who may be unwittingly transmitting the virus.
297 citations
TL;DR: The Bangla version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties which will be useful for researchers carrying out studies among the Bangla speaking population in assessing the psychological impact of fear from COVID-19 infection during this pandemic.
Abstract: The recently developed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fears of COVID-19. Given the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, we aimed to translate and validate the FCV-19S in Bangla. The forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Bangla. The reliability and validity properties of the Bangla FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilizing both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables, national lockdown variables, and response to the Bangla Health Patient Questionnaire. The sample comprised 8550 Bangladeshi participants. The Cronbach α value for the Bangla FCV-19S was 0.871 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S was significantly correlated with the nine-item Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-90) (r = 0.406, p < 0.001). FCV-19S scores were significantly associated with higher worries concerning lockdown. Measurement invariance of the FCV-19S showed no differences with respect to age or gender. The Bangla version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties which will be useful for researchers carrying out studies among the Bangla speaking population in assessing the psychological impact of fear from COVID-19 infection during this pandemic.
270 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review how reciprocity breaks down in materials with momentum bias, structured space-dependent and time-dependent constitutive properties, and constitutive nonlinearity, and report on recent advances in the modelling and fabrication of these materials, as well as on experiments demonstrating nonreciprocal acoustic and elastic wave propagation therein.
Abstract: The law of reciprocity in acoustics and elastodynamics codifies a relation of symmetry between action and reaction in fluids and solids. In its simplest form, it states that the frequency-response functions between any two material points remain the same after swapping source and receiver, regardless of the presence of inhomogeneities and losses. As such, reciprocity has enabled numerous applications that make use of acoustic and elastic wave propagation. A recent change in paradigm has prompted us to see reciprocity under a new light: as an obstruction to the realization of wave-bearing media in which the source and receiver are not interchangeable. Such materials may enable the creation of devices such as acoustic one-way mirrors, isolators and topological insulators. Here, we review how reciprocity breaks down in materials with momentum bias, structured space-dependent and time-dependent constitutive properties, and constitutive nonlinearity, and report on recent advances in the modelling and fabrication of these materials, as well as on experiments demonstrating nonreciprocal acoustic and elastic wave propagation therein. The success of these efforts holds promise to enable robust, unidirectional acoustic and elastic wave-steering capabilities that exceed what is currently possible in conventional materials, metamaterials or phononic crystals. Nonreciprocal acoustic and elastic wave propagation may enable the creation of devices such as acoustic one-way mirrors, isolators and topological insulators. This Review presents advances in the creation of materials that break reciprocity and realize robust, unidirectional acoustic and elastic wave steering.
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an online framed choice experiment to elicit preferences for purchasing methods, time windows, minimum order requirements, and fees, and concluded that the trend in the COVID-19 pandemic causes significant differences in grocery shopping preferences.
Abstract: Considering the temporary closure of many food-away-from-home establishments, consumer expenditure on groceries during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased While grocery shopping is an essential activity, not much is known about the dynamic relationship of the COVID-19 pandemic to the behavior of grocery shoppers With an objective to inform variability in the behavior of grocery shoppers under various scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted an online framed choice experiment to elicit preferences for purchasing methods, time windows, minimum order requirements, and fees The manipulating factor relates to the trend in the COVID-19 pandemic, where we consider three scenarios: an increasing, decreasing, or constant number of new cases in the past two-week period Using 32,400 choice decisions from a representative sample of 900 grocery shoppers in the United States, we conclude that the trend in the COVID-19 pandemic causes significant differences in grocery shopping preferences In situations where COVID-19 is spreading at an increasing rate, consumers are generally less willing to shop inside the grocery store When COVID-19 is spreading at a decreasing rate, the relative importance of the purchasing method attribute is lower in its entirety We use our findings to inform recommendations for practitioners and policymakers
232 citations
Emory University1, University of Rochester2, University of California, San Francisco3, American Academy of Neurology4, University of California, Los Angeles5, Harvard University6, Oregon Health & Science University7, Rush University Medical Center8, Johns Hopkins University9, University of Tennessee Health Science Center10, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center11, Virginia Commonwealth University12, American Heart Association13, University of Missouri14
TL;DR: Telemedicine use is expanding across the vast array of neurologic disorders, and evidence reports benefits in expediting care, increasing access, reducing cost, and improving diagnostic accuracy and health outcomes.
Abstract: Purpose While there is strong evidence supporting the importance of telemedicine in stroke, its role in other areas of neurology is not as clear. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of evidence-based data on the role of teleneurology in the care of patients with neurologic disorders other than stroke. Recent findings Studies across multiple specialties report noninferiority of evaluations by telemedicine compared with traditional, in-person evaluations in terms of patient and caregiver satisfaction. Evidence reports benefits in expediting care, increasing access, reducing cost, and improving diagnostic accuracy and health outcomes. However, many studies are limited, and gaps in knowledge remain. Summary Telemedicine use is expanding across the vast array of neurologic disorders. More studies are needed to validate and support its use.
TL;DR: The dynamics of the virus, infection and immunity, not to mention on-going efforts to revise and improve clinical care, and endeavors to develop medical treatments and vaccines, are a critical part of the unfolding story as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The dynamics of the virus, infection and immunity, not to mention on-going efforts to revise and improve clinical care, and endeavors to develop medical treatments and vaccines, are a critical part of the unfolding story. So, too, are peoples’ social responses to the disease and interactions with each other. COVID-19 is revealing, reinforcing, and catalyzing new social and cultural relations; laying bare inequalities and anxieties, discrimination and division; but also galvanizing solidarities and collective action.
TL;DR: An integrative proteo-transcriptomics analysis in Sars-CoV-2 infected Huh7 cells to map the cellular response to the invading virus over time identified four pathways, ErbB, HIF-1, mTOR and TNF signaling, among others that were markedly modulated during the course of the SARS-Cov-2 infection in vitro.
Abstract: How severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections engage cellular host pathways and innate immunity in infected cells remains largely elusive. We performed an integrative proteo-transcriptomics analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infected Huh7 cells to map the cellular response to the invading virus over time. We identified four pathways, ErbB, HIF-1, mTOR and TNF signaling, among others that were markedly modulated during the course of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Western blot validation of the downstream effector molecules of these pathways revealed a dose-dependent activation of Akt, mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 at 24 hours post infection (hpi). However, we found a significant inhibition of HIF-1α through 24hpi and 48hpi of the infection, suggesting a crosstalk between the SARS-CoV-2 and the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling pathways. Inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway using Akt inhibitor MK-2206 showed a significant reduction in virus production. Further investigations are required to better understand the molecular sequelae in order to guide potential therapy in the management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
University of Missouri1, Cairo University2, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences3, China Medical University (Taiwan)4, Creighton University Medical Center5, Capital Medical University6, Yeungnam University7, University of Paris8, Artemis9, University Hospital Heidelberg10, St. Cloud Hospital11, Autonomous University of Barcelona12, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León13, Federal University of Bahia14
TL;DR: These practice implications with consensus based on the currently available evidence aim to guide clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke who are suspected of, or confirmed, with COVID-19 infection.
Abstract: Background and purposeOn 11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 infection a pandemic. The risk of ischemic stroke may be higher in patients with COVID-19 infection sim...
TL;DR: It is revealed that plants can integrate different local and systemic signals generated during conditions of stress combination, and that the specific part at which plants sense the two co-occurring stresses makes a significant difference in how fast and efficient they acclimate.
Abstract: Extreme environmental conditions, such as heat, salinity, and decreased water availability, can have a devastating impact on plant growth and productivity, potentially resulting in the collapse of entire ecosystems. Stress-induced systemic signaling and systemic acquired acclimation play canonical roles in plant survival during episodes of environmental stress. Recent studies revealed that in response to a single abiotic stress, applied to a single leaf, plants mount a comprehensive stress-specific systemic response that includes the accumulation of many different stress-specific transcripts and metabolites, as well as a coordinated stress-specific whole-plant stomatal response. However, in nature plants are routinely subjected to a combination of two or more different abiotic stresses, each potentially triggering its own stress-specific systemic response, highlighting a new fundamental question in plant biology: are plants capable of integrating two different systemic signals simultaneously generated during conditions of stress combination? Here we show that plants can integrate two different systemic signals simultaneously generated during stress combination, and that the manner in which plants sense the different stresses that trigger these signals (i.e., at the same or different parts of the plant) makes a significant difference in how fast and efficient they induce systemic reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals; transcriptomic, hormonal, and stomatal responses; as well as plant acclimation. Our results shed light on how plants acclimate to their environment and survive a combination of different abiotic stresses. In addition, they highlight a key role for systemic ROS signals in coordinating the response of different leaves to stress.
TL;DR: Iron was strongly associated with the rate of cognitive decline in subjects who were diagnosed with clinical AD during life and had a diagnosis of AD confirmed post-mortem by standardized criteria, and might act to propel cognitive deterioration upon the underlying proteinopathy of AD.
Abstract: Cortical iron has been shown to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the impact of the directly measured iron on the clinical syndrome has not been assessed. We investigated the association between post-mortem iron levels with the clinical and pathological diagnosis of AD, its severity, and the rate of cognitive decline in the 12 years prior to death in subjects from the Memory and Aging Project (n = 209). Iron was elevated (β [SE] = 9.7 [2.6]; P = 3.0 × 10-4) in the inferior temporal cortex only in subjects who were diagnosed with clinical AD during life and had a diagnosis of AD confirmed post-mortem by standardized criteria. Although iron was weakly associated with the extent of proteinopathy in tissue with AD neuropathology, it was strongly associated with the rate of cognitive decline (e.g., global cognition: β [SE] = -0.040 [0.005], P = 1.6 × 10-14). Thus, cortical iron might act to propel cognitive deterioration upon the underlying proteinopathy of AD, possibly by inducing oxidative stress or ferroptotic cell death, or may be related to an inflammatory response.
TL;DR: COVID-19 can induce mast cell activation, psychological stress, cytokine storm, and neuro inflammation, and in conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause psychological stress and neuroinflammation.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pandemic infectious disease that originated in China. COVID-19 is a global public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 causes mild to severe illness with high morbidity and mortality, especially in preexisting risk groups. Therapeutic options are now limited to COVID-19. The hallmark of COVID-19 pathogenesis is the cytokine storm with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia, and neurological disorders, including stroke, the damage to the neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier disruption, high intracranial proinflammatory cytokines, and endothelial cell damage in the brain. Mast cells are innate immune cells and also implicated in adaptive immune response, systemic inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, traumatic brain injury and stroke, and stress disorders. SARS-CoV-2 can activate monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and induce cytokine storm in the lung. COVID-19 can activate mast cells, neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause psychological stress and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, COVID-19 can induce mast cell activation, psychological stress, cytokine storm, and neuroinflammation.
TL;DR: The authors presented a large-scale curated dataset of over 152 million tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from January 1st to April 4th at the time of writing, allowing researchers to conduct a number of research projects relating to the emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, and the stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time.
Abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues its march around the world, an unprecedented amount of open data is being generated for genetics and epidemiological research. The unparalleled rate at which many research groups around the world are releasing data and publications on the ongoing pandemic is allowing other scientists to learn from local experiences and data generated in the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to integrate additional data sources that map and measure the role of social dynamics of such a unique world-wide event into biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, we present a large-scale curated dataset of over 152 million tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from January 1st to April 4th at the time of writing. This open dataset will allow researchers to conduct a number of research projects relating to the emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, and the stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University1, University of Oxford2, King's College London3, Kaiser Permanente4, Jichi Medical University5, University Health Network6, University of Colorado Boulder7, University of Edinburgh8, HealthPartners9, University of Milano-Bicocca10, University of Missouri11
TL;DR: The best proposed healthcare model for telemedicine in hypertension management should include remote monitoring and transmission of vital signs and medication adherence plus education on lifestyle and risk factors, with video consultation as an option.
Abstract: Telemedicine allows the remote exchange of medical data between patients and healthcare professionals. It is used to increase patients' access to care and provide effective healthcare services at a distance. During the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine has thrived and emerged worldwide as an indispensable resource to improve the management of isolated patients due to lockdown or shielding, including those with hypertension. The best proposed healthcare model for telemedicine in hypertension management should include remote monitoring and transmission of vital signs (notably blood pressure) and medication adherence plus education on lifestyle and risk factors, with video consultation as an option. The use of mixed automated feedback services with supervision of a multidisciplinary clinical team (physician, nurse, or pharmacist) is the ideal approach. The indications include screening for suspected hypertension, management of older adults, medically underserved people, high-risk hypertensive patients, patients with multiple diseases, and those isolated due to pandemics or national emergencies.
TL;DR: The effect of COVID-19 on Canadian food security from two different perspectives is examined in this article, where three ongoing considerations, ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation, are discussed.
Abstract: The effect of COVID-19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID-19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID-19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run.
TL;DR: Enhanced versions of the NSGA-III algorithm are proposed through introducing the concept of Stud and designing several improved crossover operators of SBX, UC, and SI, and experimental results indicate that the NS GA-III methods with UC and UC-Stud (UCS) outperform the other developed variants.
TL;DR: Significant disparities exist in telehealth use during the COVID-19 PHE by age, race, residence and payer, and the likelihood of a telehealth visit was reduced for rural residence and Black or other races.
Abstract: IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in an unprecedented expansion in telehealth, but little is known about differential use of telehealth according to demographics...
TL;DR: This review provides a wide-ranging assessment of approaches to reduce the impact of heat stress on food crops.
Abstract: To ensure the food security of future generations and to address the challenge of the 'no hunger zone' proposed by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), crop production must be doubled by 2050, but environmental stresses are counteracting this goal. Heat stress in particular is affecting agricultural crops more frequently and more severely. Since the discovery of the physiological, molecular, and genetic bases of heat stress responses, cultivated plants have become the subject of intense research on how they may avoid or tolerate heat stress by either using natural genetic variation or creating new variation with DNA technologies, mutational breeding, or genome editing. This review reports current understanding of the genetic and molecular bases of heat stress in crops together with recent approaches to creating heat-tolerant varieties. Research is close to a breakthrough of global relevance, breeding plants fitter to face the biggest challenge of our time.
University of Würzburg1, Leibniz Association2, Institut national de la recherche agronomique3, University of Toulouse4, University of Konstanz5, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics6, Russian Academy of Sciences7, Washington University in St. Louis8, University of Oregon9, Michigan State University10, University of Missouri11, Texas State University12, Texas A&M University13
TL;DR: A genome assembly of the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, reveals a whole-genome duplication early in the evolution of the entire sturgeon lineage and provides details about the rediploidization of the genome.
Abstract: Sturgeons seem to be frozen in time. The archaic characteristics of this ancient fish lineage place it in a key phylogenetic position at the base of the ~30,000 modern teleost fish species. Moreover, sturgeons are notoriously polyploid, providing unique opportunities to investigate the evolution of polyploid genomes. We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Our analysis revealed a very low protein evolution rate that is at least as slow as in other deep branches of the vertebrate tree, such as that of the coelacanth. We uncovered a whole-genome duplication that occurred in the Jurassic, early in the evolution of the entire sturgeon lineage. Following this polyploidization, the rediploidization of the genome included the loss of whole chromosomes in a segmental deduplication process. While known adaptive processes helped conserve a high degree of structural and functional tetraploidy over more than 180 million years, the reduction of redundancy of the polyploid genome seems to have been remarkably random.
TL;DR: Questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation, and integration, remain unanswered, and a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave is provided.
Abstract: Rapidly communicating the perception of an abiotic stress event, wounding or pathogen infection, from its initial site of occurrence to the entire plant, i.e. rapid systemic signaling, is essential for successful plant acclimation and defense. Recent studies highlighted an important role for several rapid whole-plant systemic signals in mediating plant acclimation and defense during different abiotic and biotic stresses. These include calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydraulic and electric waves. Although the role of some of these signals in inducing and coordinating whole-plant systemic responses was demonstrated, many questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation and integration remain unanswered. In addition, it is unclear how these signals convey specificity to the systemic response, and how are they integrated under conditions of stress combination. Here we highlight many of these questions, as well as provide a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave.
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01 Jan 2020TL;DR: Genome Mapping and Genomic Strategies for Crop Improvement P.K. Ho and R. Stuber Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Plant Productivity and Stress Tolerance T.-h.
Abstract: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF YIELD AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION Physiology of Yield and Adaptation in Wheat and Barley Breeding J L Araus, GA Slafer, MP Reynolds, and C Royo Genetic Yield Improvement and Stress Tolerance in Maize M Tollenaar and EA Lee Physiological Basis of Yield and Environmental Adaptation in Rice S Peng and A Ismail Sorghum Physiology A Blum Pearl Millet FR Bidinger and CT Hash Comparative Ecophysiology of Cowpea, Common Bean, and Peanut AE Hall The Physiological Basis of Soybean Yield Potential and Environmental Adaptation TT VanToai and J Specht The Physiological Basis of Yield and Environmental Adaptation D M Oosterhuis and J McD Stewart APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE CROP YIELD AND ADAPTATION Genome Mapping and Genomic Strategies for Crop Improvement PK Subudhi and HT Nguyen Marker-Assisted Utilization of Exotic Germplasm I Paran Heterosis of Yield: Molecular and Biochemical Perspectives CW Stuber Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Plant Productivity and Stress Tolerance T-hD Ho and R Wu Genome Mapping and Marker-Assisted Selection for Improving Cotton (Gossypium spp) Productivity and Quality in Arid Regions Y Saranga and AH Patterson Molecular Dissection of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Sorghum and Rice M S Pathan, PK Subudhi, B Courtois, and HT Nguyen Genetic Dissection of Drought Resistance in Maize: A Case Study J-M Ribaut, M Banziger, T Setter, G Edmeades, and D Hoisington Physiology and Biotechnology Integration for Plant Breeding: Epilogue A Blum and HT Nguyen
TL;DR: This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record.
Abstract: This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
TL;DR: A systematic review of state-of-the-art deep learning-based PHM frameworks emphasizes on the most recent trends within the field and presents the benefits and potentials of state of theart deep neural networks for system health management.
TL;DR: The three types of 3D data representations are compared and the corresponding performance of the deep neural networks for 3D object detection is studied and compared in three ways, classification based, object detection based and segmentation based.
Abstract: Road pavement cracks detection has been a hot research topic for quite a long time due to the practical importance of crack detection for road maintenance and traffic safety. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem. This paper reviews the three major types of methods used in road cracks detection: image processing, machine learning and 3D imaging based methods. Image processing algorithms mainly include threshold segmentation, edge detection and region growing methods, which are used to process images and identify crack features. Crack detection based traditional machine learning methods such as neural network and support vector machine still relies on hand-crafted features using image processing techniques. Deep learning methods have fundamentally changed the way of crack detection and greatly improved the detection performance. In this work, we review and compare the deep learning neural networks proposed in crack detection in three ways, classification based, object detection based and segmentation based. We also cover the performance evaluation metrics and the performance of these methods on commonly-used benchmark datasets. With the maturity of 3D technology, crack detection using 3D data is a new line of research and application. We compare the three types of 3D data representations and study the corresponding performance of the deep neural networks for 3D object detection. Traditional and deep learning based crack detection methods using 3D data are also reviewed in detail.
TL;DR: This review explores how desiccation generates cell damage and how tolerant cells assuage the complex array of mechanical, structural, metabolic, and chemical stresses and survive and concludes that the stress of rehydration requires appropriate mitigating cellular responses.
Abstract: Desiccation of plants is often lethal but is tolerated by the majority of seeds and by vegetative tissues of only a small number of land plants. Desiccation tolerance is an ancient trait, lost from vegetative tissues following the appearance of tracheids but reappearing in several lineages when selection pressures favored its evolution. Cells of all desiccation-tolerant plants and seeds must possess a core set of mechanisms to protect them from desiccation- and rehydration-induced damage. This review explores how desiccation generates cell damage and how tolerant cells assuage the complex array of mechanical, structural, metabolic, and chemical stresses and survive.Likewise, the stress of rehydration requires appropriate mitigating cellular responses. We also explore what comparative genomics, both structural and responsive, have added to our understanding of cellular protection mechanisms induced by desiccation, and how vegetative desiccation tolerance circumvents destructive, stress-induced cell senescence.