Background selection and biased gene conversion affect more than 95% of the human genome and bias demographic inferences.
Fanny Pouyet,Fanny Pouyet,Simon Aeschbacher,Simon Aeschbacher,Simon Aeschbacher,Alexandre Thiéry,Alexandre Thiéry,Laurent Excoffier,Laurent Excoffier +8 more
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High-quality human genomic data is used to show that purifying selection at linked sites and GC-biased gene conversion together affect as much as 95% of the variants of the genome, and identifies a set of SNPs that are mostly unaffected by BGS or gBGC.Abstract:
Disentangling the effect on genomic diversity of natural selection from that of demography is notoriously difficult, but necessary to properly reconstruct the history of species. Here, we use high-quality human genomic data to show that purifying selection at linked sites (i.e. background selection, BGS) and GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) together affect as much as 95% of the variants of our genome. We find that the magnitude and relative importance of BGS and gBGC are largely determined by variation in recombination rate and base composition. Importantly, synonymous sites and non-transcribed regions are also affected, albeit to different degrees. Their use for demographic inference can lead to strong biases. However, by conditioning on genomic regions with recombination rates above 1.5 cM/Mb and mutation types (C↔G, A↔T), we identify a set of SNPs that is mostly unaffected by BGS or gBGC, and that avoids these biases in the reconstruction of human history.read more
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Natural Selection Affects Multiple Aspects of Genetic Variation at Putatively Neutral Sites across the Human Genome
Kirk E. Lohmueller,Anders Albrechtsen,Yingrui Li,Su Yeon Kim,Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen,Nicolas Vinckenbosch,Geng Tian,Geng Tian,Emilia Huerta-Sanchez,Alison F. Feder,Alison F. Feder,Niels Grarup,Torben Jørgensen,Torben Jørgensen,Tao Jiang,Daniel R. Witte,Annelli Sandbæk,Ines Hellmann,Torsten Lauritzen,Torben Hansen,Torben Hansen,Oluf Pedersen,Jun Wang,Rasmus Nielsen +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the widespread presence of weakly deleterious alleles, rather than a small number of strongly positively selected mutations, is responsible for the correlation between neutral genetic diversity and recombination rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of the Neutral Theory in 1968 and 50 years on: A response to Kern and Hahn 2018
Jeffrey D. Jensen,Bret A. Payseur,Wolfgang Stephan,Charles F. Aquadro,Michael Lynch,Deborah Charlesworth,Brian Charlesworth +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that natural selection is the major force shaping both between‐species divergence and within‐species variation, and it is now abundantly clear that the foundational ideas presented five decades ago by Kimura and Ohta are indeed correct.
Journal ArticleDOI
fastsimcoal2: demographic inference under complex evolutionary scenarios
Laurent Excofffier,Laurent Excofffier,Nina Marchi,Nina Marchi,David Alexander Marques,David Alexander Marques,David Alexander Marques,Remi Matthey-Doret,Remi Matthey-Doret,Alexandre Gouy,Vitor C. Sousa,Vitor C. Sousa +11 more
TL;DR: Fastsimcoal2 as mentioned in this paper extends fastsimcoal, a continuous time coalescent-based genetic simulation program, by enabling the estimation of demographic parameters under very complex scenarios from the site frequency spectrum under a maximum-likelihood framework.
Journal ArticleDOI
A high-resolution map of non-crossover events reveals impacts of genetic diversity on mammalian meiotic recombination
Ran Li,Emmanuelle Bitoun,Nicolas Altemose,Nicolas Altemose,Robert W. Davies,Benjamin Davies,Simon Myers +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that both crossovers and non-crossovers are strongly depleted at DSB hotspots where the DSB-positioning protein PRDM9 fails to bind to the unbroken homologous chromosome, revealing thatPRDM9 also functions to promote homologue-templated repair.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inference of natural selection from ancient DNA.
Marianne Dehasque,Marianne Dehasque,María C. Ávila-Arcos,David Díez-del-Molino,Matteo Fumagalli,Katerina Guschanski,Eline D. Lorenzen,Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas,Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas,Tomas Marques-Bonet,Michael D. Martin,Gemma G. R. Murray,Alexander S. T. Papadopulos,Nina Overgaard Therkildsen,Daniel Wegmann,Daniel Wegmann,Love Dalén,Andrew D. Foote +17 more
TL;DR: This Comment and Opinion considers the expected signatures of balancing, purifying, and positive selection in time series data, and detail how this can advance the understanding of the chronology and tempo of genomic change driven by selection.
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TL;DR: The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations, and has reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-generation sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping.