Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease.
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TLDR
Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the immune system will provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of strategies to prevent and treat inflammatory disease.Abstract:
The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. In addition to metabolic benefits, symbiotic bacteria provide the host with several functions that promote immune homeostasis, immune responses, and protection against pathogen colonization. The ability of symbiotic bacteria to inhibit pathogen colonization is mediated via several mechanisms including direct killing, competition for limited nutrients, and enhancement of immune responses. Pathogens have evolved strategies to promote their replication in the presence of the gut microbiota. Perturbation of the gut microbiota structure by environmental and genetic factors increases the risk of pathogen infection, promotes the overgrowth of harmful pathobionts, and the development of inflammatory disease. Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the immune system will provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of strategies to prevent and treat inflammatory disease.read more
Citations
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Antibacterial Weapons: Targeted Destruction in the Microbiota
Benoit Chassaing,Eric Cascales +1 more
TL;DR: Important advances about the impact of such antibacterial systems on shaping the intestinal microbiota are discussed.
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Beneficial roles of probiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota and immune response in pigs.
Donghyun Shin,Sung Yong Chang,Paul Bogere,Kyeong-Hye Won,Jae-Young Choi,Yeon-jae Choi,Hak Kyo Lee,Jin Hur,Byung-Yong Park,Younghoon Kim,Jaeyoung Heo +10 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that L. plantarum JDFM LP11 increases the diversity and richness in the microbial community, and attenuates the ileal immune gene expression towards gut inflammation, promoting intestinal development in weaned piglets.
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Dietary Fiber-Induced Microbial Short Chain Fatty Acids Suppress ILC2-Dependent Airway Inflammation.
Gavin Lewis,Bowen Wang,Pedram Shafiei Jahani,Benjamin P. Hurrell,Homayon Banie,German R. Aleman Muench,Hadi Maazi,Doumet Georges Helou,Emily Howard,Lauriane Galle-Treger,Richard Lo,Swetha Santosh,Andrew Baltus,Gerrold Bongers,Lani San-Mateo,Frank D. Gilliland,Virender K. Rehan,Pejman Soroosh,Omid Akbari +18 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for microbial-derived SCFAs on pulmonary ILC2s in the context of AHR and suggest strategies aimed at modulating metabolomics and microbiota in the gut, not only to treat, but to prevent lung inflammation and asthma.
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HIV-associated gut dysbiosis is independent of sexual practice and correlates with noncommunicable diseases.
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TL;DR: The authors show microbiome signatures to be independent of sex and sexual practice and that the extent of dysbiosis correlates with nadir CD4, inflammatory markers, and comorbidities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiscale Evolutionary Dynamics of Host-Associated Microbiomes.
TL;DR: This work highlights recent work characterizing the evolution and transfer of genetic information across nested scales of host-associated microbiota, which enable resilience to biotic and abiotic perturbations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the NOD2 gene product confers susceptibility to Crohn's disease by altering the recognition of these components and/or by over-activating NF-kB in monocytes, thus documenting a molecular model for the pathogenic mechanism of Crohn’s disease that can now be further investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Gary D. Wu,Jun Chen,Christian Hoffmann,Christian Hoffmann,Kyle Bittinger,Ying-Yu Chen,Sue A. Keilbaugh,Meenakshi Bewtra,Dan Knights,William A. Walters,Rob Knight,Rohini Sinha,Erin Gilroy,Kernika Gupta,Robert N. Baldassano,Lisa Nessel,Hongzhe Li,Frederic D. Bushman,James D. Lewis +18 more
TL;DR: Alternative enterotype states are associated with long-term diet, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella) and other enterotypes distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroide and Prevotella.
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TL;DR: It is shown that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn's disease, and a link between an innate immune response to bacterial components and development of disease is suggested.
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