Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis.
Qianquan Ma,Qianquan Ma,Changsheng Xing,Wenyong Long,Helen Yicheng Wang,Qing Liu,Rongfu Wang,Rongfu Wang,Rongfu Wang +8 more
TLDR
The biological interplay between gut-brain axis is discussed, and how this communication may be dysregulated in neurological diseases is explored, and new insights in modification of gut microbiota composition are highlighted.Abstract:
Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect neurological activities under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although there is anatomical separation, emerging evidence has indicated the existence of bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota, i.e., (diverse microorganisms colonizing human intestine), and brain. The cross-talk between gut microbiota and brain may have crucial impact during basic neurogenerative processes, in neurodegenerative disorders and tumors of CNS. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between gut-brain axis, and further explore how this communication may be dysregulated in neurological diseases. Further, we highlight new insights in modification of gut microbiota composition, which may emerge as a promising therapeutic approach to treat CNS disorders.read more
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Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems
TL;DR: The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastic accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences, and there is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro-and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.
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The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology.
TL;DR: The status of the knowledge and the open questions in the field focusing on the function of intestinal microbial metabolites or products on CNS cells during healthy and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases, and also neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Role of gut-brain axis, gut microbial composition, and probiotic intervention in Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: As aging together with poor diet and gut-derived inflammatory response due to dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, modification of gut microbial composition by uptake of probiotic-rich food can act as a preventive/therapeutic option for AD.
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Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics.
Artemiy S. Silantyev,Luca Falzone,Massimo Libra,Olga I. Gurina,Karina Sh Kardashova,Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis,Alexander E. Nosyrev,Chris W. Sutton,Panayiotis D. Mitsias,Aristides M. Tsatsakis +9 more
TL;DR: Both benefits and pitfalls of molecular biology and proteomics analyses are discussed, including the different mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how these investigation strategies are powerful tools to study the biology of glioblastoma, as well as to develop advanced methods for the management of this pathology.
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Gut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions.
TL;DR: Bacterial metabolites with known or suspected neuromodulatory activity are described, mechanisms of signalling pathways from the gut microbiota to the brain are defined and direct effects that gut bacterial molecules are likely exerting on specific brain cells are discussed.
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Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain
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TL;DR: It is shown that the perceived central role for IL-12 in autoimmune inflammation, specifically in the brain, has been misinterpreted and that IL-23, and not IL- 12, is the critical factor in this response.
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