The dental proteome of Homo antecessor
Frido Welker,Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal,Petra Gutenbrunner,Meaghan Mackie,Shivani Tiwary,Rosa Rakownikow Jersie-Christensen,Cristina Chiva,Marc R. Dickinson,Martin Kuhlwilm,Marc de Manuel,Pere Gelabert,María Martinón-Torres,Ann Margvelashvili,Juan Luis Arsuaga,Eudald Carbonell,Tomas Marques-Bonet,Kirsty Penkman,Eduard Sabidó,Jürgen Cox,Jesper V. Olsen,David Lordkipanidze,David Lordkipanidze,Fernando Racimo,Carles Lalueza-Fox,José María Bermúdez de Castro,Eske Willerslev,Enrico Cappellini +26 more
TLDR
Evidence is provided that H. antecessor is a close sister lineage to subsequent Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins, including modern humans, Neanderth humans and Denisovans, and that the cranial morphology of Neanderthals represents a derived form.Abstract:
The phylogenetic relationships between hominins of the Early Pleistocene epoch in Eurasia, such as Homo antecessor, and hominins that appear later in the fossil record during the Middle Pleistocene epoch, such as Homo sapiens, are highly debated1–5. For the oldest remains, the molecular study of these relationships is hindered by the degradation of ancient DNA. However, recent research has demonstrated that the analysis of ancient proteins can address this challenge6–8. Here we present the dental enamel proteomes of H. antecessor from Atapuerca (Spain)9,10 and Homo erectus from Dmanisi (Georgia)1, two key fossil assemblages that have a central role in models of Pleistocene hominin morphology, dispersal and divergence. We provide evidence that H. antecessor is a close sister lineage to subsequent Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. This placement implies that the modern-like face of H. antecessor—that is, similar to that of modern humans—may have a considerably deep ancestry in the genus Homo, and that the cranial morphology of Neanderthals represents a derived form. By recovering AMELY-specific peptide sequences, we also conclude that the H. antecessor molar fragment from Atapuerca that we analysed belonged to a male individual. Finally, these H. antecessor and H. erectus fossils preserve evidence of enamel proteome phosphorylation and proteolytic digestion that occurred in vivo during tooth formation. Our results provide important insights into the evolutionary relationships between H. antecessor and other hominin groups, and pave the way for future studies using enamel proteomes to investigate hominin biology across the existence of the genus Homo. Analyses of the proteomes of dental enamel from Homo antecessor and Homo erectus demonstrate that the Early Pleistocene H. antecessor is a close sister lineage of later Homo sapiens, Neanderthal and Denisovan populations in Eurasia.read more
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The origin of early Acheulean expansion in Europe 700 ka ago: new findings at Notarchirico (Italy).
Marie-Hélène Moncel,Carmen Santagata,Carmen Santagata,Alison Pereira,Alison Pereira,Sébastien Nomade,Pierre Voinchet,Jean-Jacques Bahain,Camille Daujeard,Antonio Curci,Cristina Lemorini,Bruce Hardy,Giacomo Eramo,Claudio Berto,Jean-Paul Raynal,Jean-Paul Raynal,Marta Arzarello,Beniamino Mecozzi,Alessio Iannucci,Raffaele Sardella,Ignazio Allegretta,Emanuela Delluniversita,Roberto Terzano,Pauline Dugas,Gwenolé Jouanic,Alain Queffelec,Andrea D'Andrea,Rosario Valentini,Eleonora Minucci,Laura Carpentiero,Marcello Piperno +30 more
TL;DR: The diversity of tools and activities observed in these three sites shows that Western Europe was populated by adaptable hominins during this time, and questions concerning understudied migration pathways, such as the Sicilian route are raised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origins of modern human ancestry
Anders Bergström,Chris Stringer,Mateja Hajdinjak,Eleanor M. L. Scerri,Eleanor M. L. Scerri,Eleanor M. L. Scerri,Pontus Skoglund +6 more
TL;DR: A review of the three key phases that define the origins of modern human ancestry can be found in this article, which highlights the importance of analysing both palaeo-anthropological and genomic records to further improve our understanding of our evolutionary history.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comparison of proteomic, genomic, and osteological methods of archaeological sex estimation.
Tammy Buonasera,Jelmer W. Eerkens,Alida de Flamingh,Laurel Engbring,Julia Yip,Hongjie Li,Randall Haas,Diane Marie DiGiuseppe,Dave Grant,Michelle Salemi,Charlene Nijmeh,Monica Arellano,Alan Leventhal,Brett S. Phinney,Brian F. Byrd,Ripan S. Malhi,Glendon J. Parker +16 more
TL;DR: Proteomics provides an important complement to osteological and shotgun-genomic sex estimation in skeletons from two ancestral Ohlone sites in Central California, and agreement between the methods was high, however conflicts did occur.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tooth Enamel and its Dynamic Protein Matrix.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge and published proteomics data of healthy and diseased tooth enamel, including advancements in forensic applications and disease models in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen isotopes in tooth enamel record diet and trophic level enrichment: results from a controlled feeding experiment
Jennifer Leichliter,Jennifer Leichliter,Tina Lüdecke,Alan D. Foreman,Nicolas N. Duprey,Daniela E. Winkler,Emma R. Kast,Hubert B. Vonhof,Daniel M. Sigman,Gerald H. Haug,Marcus Clauss,Thomas Tütken,Alfredo Martínez-García +12 more
TL;DR: In contrast, tooth enamel organic matter is protected from diagenetic alteration by the mineral structure of hydroxyapatite and thus is often preserved over geological time.
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