Journal ArticleDOI
Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
D. Fytili,Anastasia Zabaniotou +1 more
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In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.Abstract:
The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis
Judy A. Libra,Kyoung S. Ro,Claudia Kammann,Axel Funke,Nicole D. Berge,York Neubauer,Maria-Magdalena Titirici,Christoph Fühner,Oliver Bens,Jürgen Kern,Karl-Heinz Emmerich +10 more
TL;DR: The wet pyrolysis process, also known as hydrothermal carbonization, opens up the field of potential feedstocks for char production to a range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues and municipal wastes as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry
TL;DR: In this paper, three strategies of CO2 reduction including energy saving, carbon separation and storage as well as utilizing alternative materials in detail have been reviewed and the barriers against worldwide deployment of such strategies are identified and comprehensively described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries.
TL;DR: The main objective of the current study was to outline the current situation and discuss future perspectives for sludge treatment and disposal in EU countries, where sludge reuse in land and sludge incineration seem to be the main practices further adopted in EU-27 (all Member States up to 2020.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota
TL;DR: The high microplastic enrichment in marine sediments compared to most literature data for seawater at the surface supports the hypothesis of a seabed sink for these materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pyrolysis for Biochar Purposes: A Review to Establish Current Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs
TL;DR: An updated review on two subjects: the available alternatives to produce biochar from a biomass feedstock and the effect of biochar addition to agricultural soils on soil properties and fertility is provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen production from heavy oil in the presence of calcium hydroxide
TL;DR: The HyPr-RING process was applied to a vacuum residue of Arabian light crude oil to clarify the effects of added water, calcium hydroxide, which absorbs carbon dioxide, and reaction temperature as discussed by the authors.
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The Impact of EU and UK Environmental Pressures on the Future of Sludge Treatment and Disposal
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the focus on sludge quality and the development of quality management practices in utilization or disposal operations, which will help to minimize environmental concerns and facilitate sludge disposal to all outlets.
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Sewage Sludge Production, Treatment and Disposal in the European Union
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the likely pattern of sludge production, treatment and disposal which will emerge during the implementation of recent EC directives and other national policies in Europe, and focus on the areas and issues which require innovative approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aggregate expansivity due to sulfide oxidation — I. Reaction system and rate model
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is presented to evaluate the kinetic evolution of expansion due to sulfide oxidation, and subsequent sulfate attack on the paste, which is independent from the potential alkali-aggregate reactivity, and the oxidation of the sulfide is the rate limiting reaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of Trace Elements in Gasification: Distribution to the Output Streams of a Pilot Scale Gasifier
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of trace elements to the output streams in a coal and waste gasification scheme for clean energy production have been investigated on a pilot scale gasifier, and the effects of feedstock variations (coal/sewage sludge/sorbent) and hot gas filter temperatures of 580 to 450 °C were studied.
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