https://cancerbiologyprogram.med.wayne.edu/pdfs/hallmarks_cancer_article.pdf

Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation.

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/hsuryadi/files/2012/02/ROS_RNS.pdf

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

background Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity against metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. methods Of 813 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer, we randomly assigned 402 to receive irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) plus bevacizumab (5 mg per kilogram of body weight every two weeks) and 411 to receive IFL plus placebo. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, the response rate, the duration of the response, safety, and the quality of life. results The median duration of survival was 20.3 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 15.6 months in the group given IFL plus placebo, corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.66 (P<0.001). The median duration of progressionfree survival was 10.6 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 6.2 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.54; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of response were 44.8 percent and 34.8 percent (P=0.004). The median duration of the response was 10.4 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 7.1 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for progression, 0.62; P=0.001). Grade 3 hypertension was more common during treatment with IFL plus bevacizumab than with IFL plus placebo (11.0 percent vs. 2.3 percent) but was easily managed. conclusions The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

/pdf/bevacizumab-plus-irinotecan-fluorouracil-and-leucovorin-for-4t02v4tvt6.pdf

Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer

The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

The host microenvironment influences tumor biology, affecting parameters such as gene expression, angiogenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis, and responses to therapy. Consequently, the use of tumor models growing in appropriate orthotopic locations is necessary to obtain a rigorous understanding of tumor pathophysiology and to correctly study antitumor treatments. The mouse mammary fat pad serves as an orthotopic site for breast cancer and can be used to study various aspects of this disease, including the effect of host-tumor interactions on tumor biology and therapeutic response. This protocol describes mammary fat pad tumor preparation in mice.

/pdf/mammary-fat-pad-tumor-preparation-in-mice-2mjx2crx8c.pdf

Mammary Fat Pad Tumor Preparation in Mice

Synthesis of benzyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside [benzyl 2'-O-methyllacto-N-bioside I], and its higher saccharide containing an O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group as a potential substrate for (1---4)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase.

Thin liquid film phenomena

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In view of high incidence and mortality due to ethylene dibromide poisoning, a prospective study was planned to assess demographic, toxicological, clinical profile and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospectively collected data of sixty four patients with ethylene dibromide poisoning were reviewed. All the patients were from Gwalior and neighbouring districts. RESULTS: Majority were males in the age group 21-30 years. Out of sixty-four cases 26 patients (40.6%) survived and 38 patients (59.4%) expired. Nausea vomiting and pain abdomen were most common symptoms at presentation. Diarrhoea, drowsiness, palpitations and oliguria were other features. Pulse rate was normal ( 100 in 24 (63.1%) of expired patients at the time of admission (p value = 0.0004199). Half ampoule (1.5ml.) of ethylene dibromide was sufficient as fatal dose. Mortality was 20% and 46.15% with half and one ampoule respectively. Best outcome was when the patient presented to the hospital within six hours. Death occurred anywhere between twelve hours and five days. Gastrointestinal toxicity was predominant at presentation. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain was present in all the patients. Nephrotoxicity 32 (50%), hepatotoxicity 28 (43.8%), cardiotoxicity 28 (43.8%), central nervous system 8 (12.5%) toxicity and hypoglycemia 24 (37.5%) were also observed. CONCLUSION: Ethylene dibromide is highly toxic. Patients who consumed half to one ampoule usually survived with supportive care provided they presented to the hospital within six hours. Pulse rate more than 100 at presentation was a poor prognostic factor. Patients with normal pulse and blood pressure at admission had better prognosis. Language: en

Rakesh K. Jain

Papers

Mammary Fat Pad Tumor Preparation in Mice

Thin liquid film phenomena

Outcome of sixty four cases of ethylene dibromide ingestion treated in tertiary care hospital.

Synthesis of oligosaccharide substrates for N-linked glycoprotein processing enzymes.