Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

Does the Amount of Time Mothers Spend With Children or Adolescents Matter

Abstract: Although intensive mothering ideology underscores the irreplaceable nature of mothers' time for children's optimal development, empirical testing of this assumption is scant. Using time diary and survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement, the authors examined how the amount of time mothers spent with children ages 3–11 (N = 1,605) and adolescents 12–18 (N = 778) related to offspring behavioral, emotional, and academic outcomes and adolescent risky behavior. Both time mothers spent engaged with and accessible to offspring were assessed. In childhood and adolescence, the amount of maternal time did not matter for offspring behaviors, emotions, or academics, whereas social status factors were important. For adolescents, more engaged maternal time was related to fewer delinquent behaviors, and engaged time with parents together was related to better outcomes. Overall, the amount of mothers' time mattered in nuanced ways, and, unexpectedly, only in adolescence.

The Complexity of Fathers' Parenting Responsibilities and Involvement with Nonresident Children

Abstract: Most policies that legislate father involvement with nonresident children treat men as if they have obligations to only one set of children. This paper describes the complexity of nonresident fathers' parenting circumstances and assesses whether and how parenting configurations are associated with the fathers' involvement with nonresident children. We find that nonresident fathers often have parenting obligations within and outside their current residences, and that the complexity of these obligations may result in less economic support to and visitation with nonresident children. Our results suggest that new policy efforts need to recognize the complexity of nonresident fathers' family ties.

Cumulative Environmental Risk and Youth Problem Behavior

Abstract: Using data from Wave 1 (n = 5,070) and Wave 2 (n = 4,404) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examined the relationship between cumulative risk exposure and youth problem behavior. Cross-sectional analyses revealed a positive, linear association between cumulative risk and problem behaviors. The association between cumulative risk and externalizing problems was stronger for White youth than for Black youth. The association between cumulative risk and internalizing problems was stronger for girls than for boys, and stronger for White youth than for Black and Hispanic youth. Cumulative risk predicted change over time in internalizing problems. Findings support the theoretical notion that adolescents experience diminished psychological comfort when risk factors are present across several social domains. Key Words: adolescence, cumulative risk, ecological theory, externalizing problems, internalizing problems. Adolescence is a period marked by significant biological change and psychosocial development. Rapid growth and increased autonomy leave adolescents vulnerable to harmful environmental influences, heightening the risk of maladaptive developmental outcomes (Haugaard, 2001). Two broad indicators of maladjustment are externalizing and internalizing behaviors. These forms of maladjustment constitute primary reasons for referring youth to mental health services (Kazdin, 1995; Reynolds, 1992). Moreover, evidence of problem behaviors during adolescence might foreshadow impaired adult functioning, including poor mental health, substance abuse, and problematic social relationships (Capaldi & Stoolmiller, 1999; Maughan & Rutter, 1998). Broad-based studies of risk indicate that simultaneous exposure to multiple risk factors is particularly harmful to youths' long-term psychological well-being (e.g., Deater-Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1998; Sameroff, Bartko, Baldwin, Baldwin, & Siefer, 1998). These studies suggest that complex risk models are necessary to account for the interplay among risk factors in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a cumulative risk model for predicting youth problem behaviors in a large sample of adolescents. We extend previous literature in three ways. First, unlike most studies of risk, we use theory to guide our selection of risk factors and to provide a framework for understanding why adolescent psychosocial development is compromised under high-risk conditions. Second, we employ longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents, which not only permits greater generalizability of findings than previous studies but also an assessment of whether cumulative risk accounts for change in problem behaviors over time. Third, our analytic models are designed to add greater specificity to the small body of literature on cumulative risk by (a) examining the functional form of the association between cumulative risk and youth problem behaviors (i.e., linear versus nonlinear); (b) conducting moderating tests for youth gender, age level, and ethnicity; and (c) testing alternative models to the cumulative risk approach. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Multiple Risk For purposes of this study, risk is defined as a condition within the youth's socialization context that potentially increases the likelihood of personally or socially unfavorable developmental outcomes (Jessor, 1998). Bronfenbrenner's (1989) ecological theory is a useful perspective for organizing risk factors into a coherent framework because it highlights the potential of risk in various socialization contexts of the adolescent's life. Consideration is given to risk factors from four social domains: family, peer, school, and neighborhood. Generally speaking, researchers have limited their investigations to risk stemming from the child and familial environment (e.g., Forehand, Biggar, & Kotchick, 1998; Siefer, Sameroff, Baldwin, & Baldwin, 1992). …

Explained variance in logistic regression: A Monte Carlo study of proposed measures

Abstract: R²is widely relied on in linear regression to index a model's discriminatory power. Many counterparts have been proposed for use in logistic regression, but no single measure is consistently used. Two potential criterion values are relevant: the explained variance in the latent scale underlying the binary indicator of event occurrence and the explained risk of the event itself. In this study, Monte Carlo methods were used to examine the performance, with respect to fixed theoretical levels of explained variance and explained risk, of eight R²analogues. The McKelvey-Zavoina measure appears to be best at estimating explained variance and either the sample-estimated explained risk or the ordinary least squares R²to be best at indexing explained risk. Other measures appear to be poor choices, primarily because asymptotic trends suggest they may be inconsistent estimators of the relevant criterion.

A Strategy for Managing Conflict in Complex Organizations

Abstract: The management of organizational conflict involves the diagnosis of and intervention in conflict at intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup levels. A diagnosis should indicate whether there is need for intervention and the type of intervention needed. In general, an intervention is designed to attain and maintain a moderate amount of conflict a various levels and to enable the organizational members to learn the styles of handling interpersonal conflict so that the individual, group, and overall organizational effectiveness are enhanced.