Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

The Influence of Corporate Credibility on Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intent

Abstract: Corporate credibility forms part of the overall reputation of a company. It describes how consumers evaluate the company's honesty and expertise. Along with endorser credibility, it is another type of source credibility that can influence consumer reactions to a company's advertisements and shape their brand attitudes. In this paper, we examine these two sources of credibility and assess their relative impact on three sets of consumer perceptions — their ‘attitude-toward-the-ad,’ ‘attitude-toward-the-brand,’ and ‘purchase intentions.’ The results of two experimental studies indicate that both corporate credibility and endorser credibility had significant impacts on attitude-toward-the-ad, attitude-toward-the-brand, and purchase intentions. However, while corporate credibility had a greater effect on attitude-toward-the-brand, endorser credibility seemed to have a stronger influence on attitude-toward-the-ad. Overall, the findings confirm that corporate credibility plays a key role in influencing consumer reactions to advertisements and brands.

Synthesis and photoproperties of diamagnetic octabutoxyphthalocyanines with deep red optical absorbance

Abstract: The synthesis and photoproperties of six new metal 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxyphthalocyanines and photoproperties of the known, analogous Zn and metal-free phthalocyanines are described. The new compounds are AlPc(OBu){sub 8}OSiEt{sub 3}, GaPc(OBu){sub 8}OSiEt{sub 3}, GePc(OBu){sub 8}(OSiEt{sub 3}){sub 2}, SnPc(OBu){sub 8}(OSiEt{sub 3}){sub 2}, RuPc(OBu){sub 8}(py){sub 2}, and PdPc(OBu){sub 8} (where Pc(OBu){sub 8} represents the octabutoxyphthalocyanine ligand). Benzene-d{sub 6} solutions of all eight of the compounds give NMR spectra showing large ring-current effects. Benzene solutions of the compounds give visible spectra with absorption maxima in the 688-779-nm range having extinction coefficients between 1.0 {times} 10{sup 5} and 2.2 {times} 10{sup 5} M{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1}. The triplet-state properties of the phthalocyanines in benzene solutions have been measured by laser flash photolysis. The triplet states have absorption maxima in the 550-640-nm range, quantum yields in the 0.1-0.9 range, and lifetimes when the solutions are deaerated in the 0.5-150-{mu}s range. The rate constants for energy transfer from the triplet states of the compounds to O{sub 2} are between 1.3 {times} 10{sup 8} and 2.8 {times} 10{sup 9} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1}.

Host-adapted Cryptosporidium spp. in Canada geese (Branta canadensis)

Abstract: The prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the fecal droppings of the free-living waterfowl Canada geese were examined at 13 sites in Ohio and Illinois. On the basis of the analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene by PCR, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, 49 (23.4%) of 209 fecal specimens collected from 10 sites (76.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The following five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were identified: Cryptosporidium goose genotype I (in 36 specimens), Cryptosporidium goose genotype II (in 9 specimens), Cryptosporidium duck genotype (in 1 specimen), Cryptosporidium parvum (in 4 specimens), and C. hominis (in 2 specimens). Cryptosporidium goose genotype I was the most prevalent parasite and was found at all five Cryptosporidium-positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois, followed by Cryptosporidium goose genotype II, which was found at two of five positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois. Cryptosporidium goose genotype II was detected for the first time, and it is phylogenetically related to goose genotype I and the duck genotype. All three genotypes have not so far been reported in humans, and their pathogenicity in geese has not been determined. Only 10.2% of the Cryptosporidium-positive specimens had C. parvum and C. hominis. The results of this study indicate that Canada geese might only serve as accidental carriers of cryptosporidia infectious to humans and probably play a minor role in the animal-to-human transmission cycle of the pathogen.

Critical periods in the organization of systems

Abstract: The general theory of critical periods applies to organizational processes involved in the development of any living system on any level of organization and states that the time during which an organizational process is proceeding most rapidly is the time when the process may most easily be altered or modified. Complex organizational processes involving 2 or more interdependent subprocesses may show 1 to several critical periods, depending on the time relationships of the subprocesses. The nature of the relationships between interdependent processes operating on different levels is again dependent on time and is a more meaningful formulation than that of the old “innate-acquired” dichotomy. These theoretical considerations lead to the conclusion that understanding a critical-period phenomenon rests on analyzing the nature of the organizational process or processes involved. An example is given in a review of research on the critical period for primary socialization (social attachment) in the dog. Evidence that attachment has taken place consists of discriminative behavior in relation to familiar and unfamiliar objects and rests on a minimum of 3 processes: (1) organization of the separation distress response; (2) visual and auditory sensory capacities; and (3) long-term associative memory capacities. Once these capacities are developed, the overall attachment process proceeds very rapidly (the critical period for such attachment). Thus the critical periods for the organizational subprocesses precede or slightly overlap that for the overall process. Deeper analyses of these processes must rest on neurophysiological research. The theory of critical periods is a general one that should apply to any developmental organizational process which proceeds at grossly different rates at different times.