Bowling Green State University

About: Bowling Green State University is a education organization based out in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8315 authors who have published 16042 publications receiving 482564 citations. The organization is also known as: BGSU.

How do occupational stressor-strain effects vary with time? A review and meta-analysis of the relevance of time lags in longitudinal studies

Abstract: Through a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies from 68 samples, this study examines the role of time in three types of occupational stressor-strain effects. First, this study reviews the extent to which correlations between stressors and strains when both are measured at the same time point (i.e. synchronous effects) change with the passage of time. Second, this review examines the extent to which stressors predict increases in strain (i.e. lagged effects) and whether these effects vary across different time lags. Third, this paper considers the extent to which strains predict increases in stressors (i.e. reverse causation effects), and whether these effects vary across different time lags. Results indicate that synchronous effects tend to increase over time, suggesting that the effects of chronic stressors build up through cumulative exposure. Lagged effects were generally small but their magnitude increased over time for about three years before declining, whereas the average size of reverse causation ...

Intraglottal pressure profiles for a symmetric and oblique glottis with a divergence angle of 10 degrees.

Abstract: Human phonation does not always involve symmetric motions of the two vocal folds. Asymmetric motions can create slanted or oblique glottal angles. This study reports intraglottal pressure profiles for a Plexiglas model of the larynx with a glottis having a 10-degree divergence angle and either a symmetric orientation or an oblique angle of 15 degrees. For the oblique glottis, one side was divergent and the other convergent. The vocal fold surfaces had 14 pressure taps. The minimal glottal diameter was held constant at 0.04 cm. Results indicated that for either the symmetric or oblique case, the pressure profiles were different on the two sides of the glottis except for the symmetric geometry for a transglottal pressure of 3 cm H2O. For the symmetric case, flow separation created lower pressures on the side where the flow stayed attached to the wall, and the largest pressure differences between the two sides of the channel were 5%–6% of the transglottal pressure. For the oblique case, pressures were lower ...

A Critical Role for "Affective Neuroscience" in Resolving What Is Basic About Basic Emotions

Abstract: Ortony and Turner (1990) asked "What's Basic About Basic Emotions," and they concluded "very little." They proceeded to advocate a "componential" or "mosaic" view of how emotional systems should be analyzed. Their thesis was flawed by their failure to consider the available neurobehavioral data. Genetically dictated brain systems that mediate affective-emotional processes do exist, even though there are bound to be semantic ambiguities in how we speak about these systems. This commentary summarizes key lines of evidence for coherently operating emotional systems in the brain and advocates the position that the issue of basic emotions can no longer be credibly discussed without adequate consideration of the relevant brain research in the area. The type of conceptual, logical analysis pursued by Ortony and Turner, in the absence of a thorough analysis of the available neurological data, is not an adequate basis for resolving what is basic about basic emotions. That the experience-hypothesis, as ordinarily understood, is inadequate to account for emotional phenomena, will be sufficiently manifest. If possible, it is even more at fault in respect to the emotions than in respect to the cognitions. The doctrine maintained by some philosophers, that all the desires, all the sentiments, are generated by experiences of the individual, is so glaringly at variance with hosts of facts, that I cannot but wonder how any one should ever have entertained it. —Herbert Spencer, Principles of Psychology (1855, p. 606) Emotion is a term used for many different purposes. There is a popular view that emotions are inherently more complex and harder to understand than other aspects of human thought. I maintain that infantile emotions are comparatively simple in character and that the complexity of adult emotions results from accumulating networks of mutual exploitations. In adults, these networks eventually become indescribably complicated, but no more so than the networks of our adult intellectual structures.

The reliability and validity of the 20-meter shuttle test in American students 12 to 15 years old.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine (a) the test–retest reliability of the 20-m shuttle test (20 MST) (number of laps), (b) the concurrent validity of the 20 MST (number of laps), and (c) the validity of the prediction equation for VO2max developed by Leger, Mercier, Adour, and Lambert (1988) on Canadian children for use with American children 12–15 years old. An intraclass coefficient of .93 was obtained on 20 students (12 males; R = .91 and 8 females; R = .87) who completed the test twice, 1 week apart (MT1 = 47.80 ± 20.29 vs. MT2 = 50.55 ± 22.39 laps; p ⩾ .13). VO2peak was obtained by a treadmill test to volitional fatigue on 48 subjects. The number of laps run correlated significantly with VO2peak in males (n = 22; r = .65; F [1, 20] = 14.30 p ⩽ .001), females (n = 26; r = .51; F [1, 24] = 8.34; p ⩽ .01), and males and females = (r = .69; F [1, 46] = 42.54, p ⩽ .001). When the measured VO2peak (M = 49.97 ± 7.59 ml kg−1 min−1) was compared with the estimated VO2max (M = 48.72...

RNA-Puzzles: A CASP-like evaluation of RNA three-dimensional structure prediction

Abstract: We report the results of a first, collective, blind experiment in RNA three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, encompassing three prediction puzzles. The goals are to assess the leading edge of RNA structure prediction techniques; compare existing methods and tools; and evaluate their relative strengths, weaknesses, and limitations in terms of sequence length and structural complexity. The results should give potential users insight into the suitability of available methods for different applications and facilitate efforts in the RNA structure prediction community in ongoing efforts to improve prediction tools. We also report the creation of an automated evaluation pipeline to facilitate the analysis of future RNA structure prediction exercises.