Ford Motor Company

About: Ford Motor Company is a company organization based out in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Signal. The organization has 36123 authors who have published 51450 publications receiving 855200 citations. The organization is also known as: Ford Motor & Ford Motor Corporation.

Treatment of stroke in rat with intracarotid administration of marrow stromal cells

Abstract: Objective: To measure the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of stroke with intra-arterial administration of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC). Background: MSC have characteristics of stem and progenitor cells. The hypothesis that MSC injected into the internal carotid artery after stroke enter into ischemic brain and improve neurologic recovery was tested. Methods: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were subjected to transient (2-hour) middle cerebral artery occlusion alone (n = 9), or treated with intracarotid arterial injection of 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline (n = 8) or 2 × 106 MSC in 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline (n = 8) 1 day after ischemia. MSC were harvested and isolated from additional adult rats and then cultured and labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Rats were subjected to neurologic functional tests (adhesive-removal, modified neurologic severity scores) before and at 1, 7, and 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cell-specific proteins of bromodeoxyuridine-reactive MSC. Results: Bromodeoxyuridine-reactive cells (∼21% of 2 × 106 injected MSC) distributed throughout the territory of the middle cerebral artery by 14 days after ischemia. Some bromodeoxyuridine-reactive cells expressed proteins characteristic of astrocytes and neurons. Rats with intra-arterial transplantation of MSC exhibited improvement on the adhesive-removal test (p Conclusions: MSC injected intra-arterially are localized and directed to the territory of the middle cerebral artery, and these cells foster functional improvement after cerebral ischemia.

Approximation methods in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization: a panel discussion

Abstract: This paper summarizes the discussion at the Approximation Methods Panel that was held at the 9 th AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis & Optimization in Atlanta, GA on September 2–4, 2002. The objective of the panel was to discuss the current state-of-the-art of approximation methods and identify future research directions important to the community. The panel consisted of five representatives from industry and government: (1) Andrew J. Booker from The Boeing Company, (2) Dipankar Ghosh from Vanderplaats Research & Development, (3) Anthony A. Giunta from Sandia National Laboratories, (4) Patrick N. Koch from Engineous Software, Inc., and (5) Ren-Jye Yang from Ford Motor Company. Each panelist was asked to (i) give one or two brief examples of typical uses of approximation methods by his company, (ii) describe the current state-of-the-art of these methods used by his company, (iii) describe the current challenges in the use and adoption of approximation methods within his company, and (iv) identify future research directions in approximation methods. Several common themes arose from the discussion, including differentiating between design of experiments and design and analysis of computer experiments, visualizing experimental results and data from approximation models, capturing uncertainty with approximation methods, and handling problems with large numbers of variables. These are discussed in turn along with the future directions identified by the panelists, which emphasized educating engineers in using approximation methods.

Source type ascription for fluvial suspended sediment based on a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique

Abstract: We report the successful application of a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique, incorporating both a rigorous statistical verification procedure for composite signatures and a multivariate mixing model, to evaluate sediment source type in the Dart catchment, Devon, UK and the Plynlimon experimental catchment, Powys, UK. Quantitative ascription of source types is discussed in terms of the mean contributions and potential seasonal, inter- and intea-storm variations in the relative contributions of surface erosion from a number of distinct land use categories and of channel erosion to the suspended sediment load sampled at various sites within the study areas. Surface erosion of pasture soils is generally important in both study catchments but the impacts of spring and autumn cultivation in the Dart, and of autumn and winter forestry activity at Plynlimon, are also evident. Inter-storm variations in sediment source type reflect antecedent conditions, variable contributing areas and timing of sediment sample collection, and highlight the individuality of catchment response for the sampled flood events. Intra-storm variations in source type contributions emphasize the necessity for detailed sampling programmes for suspended sediment in storm periods, when using the fingerprinting approach to investigate sediment origin.

Modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach of modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy. The new Matlab/Simulink model can be used in simulating the voltage response and energy efficiency, e.g., for automotive power systems. The model in the frequency domain, the parameter calculation, as well as the inverse transformation into the time domain are discussed. Furthermore, simulation results are compared with experimental data. As application example, the new model is used to analyze the energy dissipation of a supercapacitor module installed in a 42-V mild-hybrid vehicle.