Ford Motor Company

About: Ford Motor Company is a company organization based out in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Signal. The organization has 36123 authors who have published 51450 publications receiving 855200 citations. The organization is also known as: Ford Motor & Ford Motor Corporation.

Online Parameterization of Lumped Thermal Dynamics in Cylindrical Lithium Ion Batteries for Core Temperature Estimation and Health Monitoring

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries should always be prevented from overheating and, hence, thermal monitoring is indispensable. Since only the surface temperature of the battery can be measured, a thermal model is needed to estimate the core temperature of the battery, which can be higher and more critical. In this paper, an online parameter identification scheme is designed for a cylindrical lithium ion battery. An adaptive observer of the core temperature is then designed based on the online parameterization methodology and the surface temperature measurement. A battery thermal model with constant internal resistance is explored first. The identification algorithm and the adaptive observer is validated with experiments on a 2.3Ah 26650 lithium iron phosphate/graphite battery. The methodology is later extended to address temperature-dependent internal resistance with nonuniform forgetting factors. The ability of the methodology to track the long-term variation of the internal resistance is beneficial for battery health monitoring.

In situ DRIFTS and temperature-programmed technology study on NH3-SCR of NOx over Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts

Abstract: In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (In situ DRIFTS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR) were employed to investigate the adsorption and reactive properties of Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 zeolite catalysts; these fully formulated washcoat cordierite monoliths were hydrothermally treated at 750 °C in the simulated feed gases. The intrinsic mechanism and reasons for the differences in NH3-SCR activity were proposed based on the characterization results. The in situ DRIFTS and TPD results showed that ammonia could adsorb on both the Lewis and Bronsted acidic sites on these two catalysts; the ammonia on the Bronsted acidic sites might be active in the NH3-SCR reaction. For the different NOx adsorption processes, the total NOx desorption levels followed the following sequence: NO

Hydrogen in aluminum: First-principles calculations of structure and thermodynamics

Abstract: Despite decades of study, several key aspects of the Al-H system remain the subject of considerable debate. In an effort to elucidate some of these unknowns, we perform a systematic study of this system using first-principles density-functional calculations. We show that generalized gradient approximation (GGA) calculations provide an accurate picture of energetics, phase stability and structure, diffusion, and defect binding in the Al-H system. A series of calculations for hydrides in the M-H systems (M=Al, Ba, Ca, K, Mg, La, Li, Na, Ni, Pd, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, and Y) also shows that the GGA calculations are a quantitatively accurate predictor of hydride formation energies. For Al-H, we find: (i) In agreement with experiment, the observed metastable hydride, ${\mathrm{AlH}}_{3}$ is found to have a small, negative formation enthalpy at ambient conditions, but a strongly positive formation free energy. (ii) Linear response calculations of ${\mathrm{AlH}}_{3}$ yield vibrational frequencies, phonon densities of states (DOS), and heat capacities in excellent agreement with experimental measurements, and suggest the need for a reinterpretation of measured phonon DOS. (iii) Atomic relaxation and anharmonic vibrational effects both play an important role in the tetrahedral versus octahedral interstitial site preference of H in Al. (iv) The calculated heat of solution of H in the preferred tetrahedral site is large and positive (+0.71 eV), consistent with experimental solubility data and with Al as an endothermic hydrogen absorber. (v) Interstitial H interacts strongly with Al vacancies $(\ensuremath{\square}),$ with a calculated H-$\ensuremath{\square}$ binding energy of 0.33 eV. (vi) In the absence of vacancies, the calculated migration energy of H between the tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites is 0.18 eV, but for H migrating away from an Al vacancy, the migration energy increases to 0.54 eV. Vacancy trapping of H can therefore provide an explanation for observed disparate H migration barriers.