Ford Motor Company

About: Ford Motor Company is a company organization based out in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Signal. The organization has 36123 authors who have published 51450 publications receiving 855200 citations. The organization is also known as: Ford Motor & Ford Motor Corporation.

The occipital cortex is hyperexcitable in migraine: experimental evidence.

Abstract: Objectives.—Threshold for generation of magnetophosphenes has been reported to be lower in migraine. We compared the threshold for eliciting phosphenes by transcranial magnetic stimulation and the ability to visually trigger headache in a select group of individuals with migraine with and without aura to normal controls. Methods.—Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed using the Cadwell MES-10 stimulator. A circular coil, 9.5 cm in diameter, was applied to the occipital scalp (7 cm above the inion). Stimulator intensity was increased in 10% increments until subjects reported visual phenomena or 100% intensity was reached. Stimulator intensity was then fine-tuned to determine the threshold at which phosphenes were seen. In the same subjects, visual stimulation was given in 3.0 T MRI and if a headache occurred the response was recorded. Results.—Fifteen subjects with migraine were compared to 8 controls. A significant proportion of the migraineurs (86.7%) developed phosphenes compared to the controls (25%) (P=.006). The probability of triggering a headache was also higher in the migraineurs (53%); no headache was triggered in the controls (P=.019). A significant correlation was found between the threshold for phosphenes on transcranial magnetic stimulation and visually triggered headache (P=.002). When only migraine was considered, there was again a significant trend (P=.O84). Conclusions.—There is a difference in threshold for excitability of occipital cortex in migraineurs and controls.The hyperexcitable visual cortex in migraine is predisposed to visually triggered headache.

Confidence Bounds for Capability Indices

Abstract: Capability indices compare the actual performance of a manufacturing process to the desired performance. In practice these indices are estimated using sample data, often with quite small sample sizes. Thus, it is of interest to obtain confidence limits ..

An Energy Management Controller to Optimally Trade Off Fuel Economy and Drivability for Hybrid Vehicles

Abstract: Hybrid vehicle fuel economy performance is highly sensitive to the energy management strategy used to regulate power flow among the various energy sources and sinks. Optimal non-causal solutions are easy to determine if the drive cycle is known a priori. It is very challenging to design causal controllers that yield good fuel economy for a range of possible driver behavior. Additional challenges come in the form of constraints on powertrain activity, such as shifting and starting the engine, which are commonly called “drivability” metrics and can adversely affect fuel economy. In this paper, drivability restrictions are included in a shortest path stochastic dynamic programming (SP-SDP) formulation of the real-time energy management problem for a prototype vehicle, where the drive cycle is modeled as a stationary, finite-state Markov chain. When the SP-SDP controllers are evaluated with a high-fidelity vehicle simulator over standard government drive cycles, and compared to a baseline industrial controller, they are shown to improve fuel economy more than 11% for equivalent levels of drivability. In addition, the explicit tradeoff between fuel economy and drivability is quantified for the SP-SDP controllers.

Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-Metal-Based All-Solid-State Batteries

Abstract: Author(s): Albertus, P; Anandan, V; Ban, C; Balsara, N; Belharouak, I; Buettner-Garrett, J; Chen, Z; Daniel, C; Doeff, M; Dudney, NJ; Dunn, B; Harris, SJ; Herle, S; Herbert, E; Kalnaus, S; Libera, JA; Lu, D; Martin, S; McCloskey, BD; McDowell, MT; Meng, YS; Nanda, J; Sakamoto, J; Self, EC; Tepavcevic, S; Wachsman, E; Wang, C; Westover, AS; Xiao, J; Yersak, T