Showing papers by "University of North Texas published in 2014"
TL;DR: Recent developments in genetic engineering, enhanced extraction methods, and a deeper understanding of the structure of lignin are yielding promising opportunities for efficient conversion of this renewable resource to carbon fibers, polymers, commodity chemicals, and fuels.
Abstract: Background Lignin, nature’s dominant aromatic polymer, is found in most terrestrial plants in the approximate range of 15 to 40% dry weight and provides structural integrity. Traditionally, most large-scale industrial processes that use plant polysaccharides have burned lignin to generate the power needed to productively transform biomass. The advent of biorefineries that convert cellulosic biomass into liquid transportation fuels will generate substantially more lignin than necessary to power the operation, and therefore efforts are underway to transform it to value-added products. Production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass requires separation of large quantities of the aromatic polymer lignin. In planta genetic engineering, enhanced extraction methods, and a deeper understanding of the structure of lignin are yielding promising opportunities for efficient conversion of this renewable resource to carbon fibers, polymers, commodity chemicals, and fuels. [Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy] Advances Bioengineering to modify lignin structure and/or incorporate atypical components has shown promise toward facilitating recovery and chemical transformation of lignin under biorefinery conditions. The flexibility in lignin monomer composition has proven useful for enhancing extraction efficiency. Both the mining of genetic variants in native populations of bioenergy crops and direct genetic manipulation of biosynthesis pathways have produced lignin feedstocks with unique properties for coproduct development. Advances in analytical chemistry and computational modeling detail the structure of the modified lignin and direct bioengineering strategies for targeted properties. Refinement of biomass pretreatment technologies has further facilitated lignin recovery and enables catalytic modifications for desired chemical and physical properties. Outlook Potential high-value products from isolated lignin include low-cost carbon fiber, engineering plastics and thermoplastic elastomers, polymeric foams and membranes, and a variety of fuels and chemicals all currently sourced from petroleum. These lignin coproducts must be low cost and perform as well as petroleum-derived counterparts. Each product stream has its own distinct challenges. Development of renewable lignin-based polymers requires improved processing technologies coupled to tailored bioenergy crops incorporating lignin with the desired chemical and physical properties. For fuels and chemicals, multiple strategies have emerged for lignin depolymerization and upgrading, including thermochemical treatments and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The multifunctional nature of lignin has historically yielded multiple product streams, which require extensive separation and purification procedures, but engineering plant feedstocks for greater structural homogeneity and tailored functionality reduces this challenge.
2,958 citations
Nicholas J Kassebaum1, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa1, Megan Coggeshall1, Katya Anne Shackelford1 +349 more•Institutions (179)
TL;DR: Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015, with evidence of continued acceleration in the MMR, and MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013.
1,383 citations
Broad Institute1, Harvard University2, University of Tübingen3, Max Planck Society4, University of Mainz5, University of Washington6, University of California, Berkeley7, Massachusetts Institute of Technology8, Stockholm University9, University of Adelaide10, The Heritage Foundation11, National Museum of Natural History12, University of Edinburgh13, Sultan Qaboos University14, University of Costa Rica15, University of Antioquia16, Rambam Health Care Campus17, University of Pécs18, Al Akhawayn University19, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart20, University of Oxford21, Belgorod State University22, University of Toronto23, University of Buenos Aires24, University of Bern25, Russian Academy of Sciences26, Paul Sabatier University27, North-Eastern Federal University28, University of Chicago29, University of Arizona30, Stony Brook University31, University of Bergen32, Illumina33, Sofia Medical University34, Bashkir State University35, University of Cambridge36, Vilnius University37, Estonian Biocentre38, University of Strasbourg39, University College London40, Amgen41, Gladstone Institutes42, University of Tartu43, University of Oulu44, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences45, University of Palermo46, University of Tarapacá47, University of Chile48, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan49, Armenian National Academy of Sciences50, University of North Texas51, University of Santiago de Compostela52, University of Kharkiv53, Higher University of San Andrés54, Novosibirsk State University55, Leidos56, Lebanese American University57, University of Split58, University of Pennsylvania59, Banaras Hindu University60, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology61, Estonian Academy of Sciences62, Pompeu Fabra University63, Howard Hughes Medical Institute64
TL;DR: It is shown that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west Europeanhunter-gatherer related ancestry.
Abstract: We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
1,077 citations
Christopher J L Murray1, Katrina F Ortblad1, Caterina Guinovart1, Stephen S Lim1 +367 more•Institutions (179)
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration.
875 citations
Haidong Wang1, Chelsea A. Liddell1, Matthew M Coates1, Meghan D. Mooney1 +228 more•Institutions (123)
TL;DR: Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and rising income per person and maternal education and changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths.
684 citations
TL;DR: The evidence for critical roles ofSTAT3 in oncogenesis is presented and the potential for development of novel cancer therapies based on mechanistic understanding of STAT3 signaling cascade is discussed.
551 citations
SupAgro1, New York University2, University of California, San Diego3, Agro ParisTech4, University of North Texas5, Lancaster University6, University of Missouri7, University of Würzburg8, Chinese Academy of Sciences9, University of Copenhagen10, University of Vermont11, University of Angers12, University of Bern13, Academia Sinica14
TL;DR: The phylogenetic tree was used to determine a unified nomenclature of this family named NPF, for NRT1/PTR FAMILY, and it is proposed that the members should be named accordingly: NPFX.
510 citations
01 Aug 2014
TL;DR: This year, the participants were challenged with new data sets for English, as well as the introduction of Spanish, as a new language in which to assess semantic similarity, and the annotations for both tasks leveraged crowdsourcing.
Abstract: In Semantic Textual Similarity, systems rate the degree of semantic equivalence between two text snippets. This year, the participants were challenged with new data sets for English, as well as the introduction of Spanish, as a new language in which to assess semantic similarity. For the English subtask, we exposed the systems to a diversity of testing scenarios, by preparing additional OntoNotesWordNet sense mappings and news headlines, as well as introducing new genres, including image descriptions, DEFT discussion forums, DEFT newswire, and tweet-newswire headline mappings. For Spanish, since, to our knowledge, this is the first time that official evaluations are conducted, we used well-formed text, by featuring sentences extracted from encyclopedic content and newswire. The annotations for both tasks leveraged crowdsourcing. The Spanish subtask engaged 9 teams participating with 22 system runs, and the English subtask attracted 15 teams with 38 system runs.
509 citations
TL;DR: This work reviewed 80 articles of empirical studies published in the 2012 issues of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology to present a picture of how adequately missing data are currently handled in this field.
Abstract: We provide conceptual introductions to missingness mechanisms--missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random--and state-of-the-art methods of handling missing data--full-information maximum likelihood and multiple imputation--followed by a discussion of planned missing designs: Multiform questionnaire protocols, 2-method measurement models, and wave-missing longitudinal designs We reviewed 80 articles of empirical studies published in the 2012 issues of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology to present a picture of how adequately missing data are currently handled in this field To illustrate the benefits of using multiple imputation or full-information maximum likelihood and incorporating planned missingness into study designs, we provide example analyses of empirical data gathered using a 3-form planned missing design
495 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rigidifying the structure of fluorescent linkers by structurally constraining them in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to control their conformation effectively tunes the fluorescence energy and enhances the quantum yield.
Abstract: We demonstrate that rigidifying the structure of fluorescent linkers by structurally constraining them in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to control their conformation effectively tunes the fluorescence energy and enhances the quantum yield. Thus, a new tetraphenylethylene-based zirconium MOF exhibits a deep-blue fluorescent emission at 470 nm with a unity quantum yield (99.9 ± 0.5%) under Ar, representing ca. 3600 cm–1 blue shift and doubled radiative decay efficiency vs the linker precursor. An anomalous increase in the fluorescence lifetime and relative intensity takes place upon heating the solid MOF from cryogenic to ambient temperatures. The origin of these unusual photoluminescence properties is attributed to twisted linker conformation, intramolecular hindrance, and framework rigidity.
488 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored N-doped graphene as cost effective electrocatalysts for these key reactions by employing density functional theory (DFT) and showed that substitution of carbon at graphene edge by nitrogen results in the best performance in terms of overpotentials.
TL;DR: This work systematically characterize chemical vapour deposition-grown Monolayer molybdenum disulfide by photoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping and demonstrates non-uniform strain in single-crystalline monolayer MoS2 and strain-induced bandgap engineering.
Abstract: Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted tremendous attention due to its promising applications in high-performance field-effect transistors, phototransistors, spintronic devices and nonlinear optics. The enhanced photoluminescence effect in monolayer MoS2 was discovered and, as a strong tool, was employed for strain and defect analysis in MoS2. Recently, large-size monolayer MoS2 has been produced by chemical vapour deposition, but has not yet been fully explored. Here we systematically characterize chemical vapour deposition-grown MoS2 by photoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping and demonstrate non-uniform strain in single-crystalline monolayer MoS2 and strain-induced bandgap engineering. We also evaluate the effective strain transferred from polymer substrates to MoS2 by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that photoluminescence mapping can be used as a non-contact approach for quick identification of grain boundaries in MoS2.
Harvard University1, Broad Institute2, University of Tübingen3, Max Planck Society4, University of Mainz5, University of Washington6, University of California, Berkeley7, Massachusetts Institute of Technology8, Stockholm University9, University of Adelaide10, The Heritage Foundation11, National Museum of Natural History12, University of Edinburgh13, Sultan Qaboos University14, University of Costa Rica15, University of Antioquia16, Rambam Health Care Campus17, University of Pécs18, Al Akhawayn University19, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart20, University of Oxford21, Belgorod State University22, University of Toronto23, University of Buenos Aires24, University of Bern25, Russian Academy of Sciences26, Paul Sabatier University27, North-Eastern Federal University28, University of Chicago29, University of Arizona30, Stony Brook University31, University of Bergen32, Illumina33, Sofia Medical University34, Bashkir State University35, University of Cambridge36, Vilnius University37, Estonian Biocentre38, University of Strasbourg39, Amgen40, University College London41, Gladstone Institutes42, University of Tartu43, University of Oulu44, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences45, University of Palermo46, University of Tarapacá47, University of Chile48, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan49, Armenian National Academy of Sciences50, University of North Texas51, University of Santiago de Compostela52, University of Kharkiv53, Higher University of San Andrés54, Novosibirsk State University55, Leidos56, Lebanese American University57, University of Split58, University of Pennsylvania59, Banaras Hindu University60, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology61, Estonian Academy of Sciences62, Pompeu Fabra University63, Howard Hughes Medical Institute64
TL;DR: The authors showed that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunters-gatherer related ancestry.
Abstract: We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
Lewis & Clark College1, Brigham Young University2, North Carolina State University3, University of Maryland, Baltimore County4, Purdue University5, Calvin College6, City University of New York7, Oregon State University8, Cabrini College9, Washington University in St. Louis10, University of Louisiana at Monroe11, University of Colorado Boulder12, University of California, Santa Cruz13, North Carolina Central University14, University of North Texas15, Virginia Commonwealth University16, Western Kentucky University17, University of Mary Washington18, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis19, University of Montana20, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey21, College of William & Mary22, James Madison University23, Lehigh University24, Howard Hughes Medical Institute25, University of Pittsburgh26, Grinnell College27
TL;DR: A general model in which faculty and teaching assistants from diverse academic institutions are trained to teach a research course for first-year undergraduate students focused on bacteriophage discovery and genomics is developed, showing that this alliance-sourced model not only substantially advances the field of phage genomics but also stimulates students’ interest in science, positively influences academic achievement, and enhances persistence inScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines.
Abstract: Engaging large numbers of undergraduates in authentic scientific discovery is desirable but difficult to achieve. We have developed a general model in which faculty and teaching assistants from diverse academic institutions are trained to teach a research course for first-year undergraduate students focused on bacteriophage discovery and genomics. The course is situated within a broader scientific context aimed at understanding viral diversity, such that faculty and students are collaborators with established researchers in the field. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) course has been widely implemented and has been taken by over 4,800 students at 73 institutions. We show here that this alliance-sourced model not only substantially advances the field of phage genomics but also stimulates students’ interest in science, positively influences academic achievement, and enhances persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Broad application of this model by integrating other research areas with large numbers of early-career undergraduate students has the potential to be transformative in science education and research training. IMPORTANCE Engagement of undergraduate students in scientific research at early stages in their careers presents an opportunity to excite students about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines and promote continued interests in these areas. Many excellent course-based undergraduate research experiences have been developed, but scaling these to a broader impact with larger numbers of students is challenging. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Science Education Alliance Phage Hunting Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program takes advantage of the huge size and diversity of the bacteriophage population to engage students in discovery of new viruses, genome annotation, and comparative genomics, with strong impacts on bacteriophage research, increased persistence in STEM fields, and student self-identification with learning gains, motivation, attitude, and career aspirations.
TL;DR: This paper from the 9th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications, FNC 2014 conference proceedings describes a wireless sensor network system developed using open-source hardware platforms, Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
TL;DR: Surprisingly, the results of the current analysis showed no significant link between IT capability and firm performance with data from the 2000s.
Abstract: Several studies support the positive link between information technology capability and firm performance, including Bharadwaj (2000) and Santhanam and Hartono (2003), which appeared in MIS Quarterly. We conducted a study to see if this link is still statistically significant. It is now over a decade since the first study was published, during which several significant developments in the IT industry have taken place. Unlike the 1990s, when proprietary information systems prevailed, the 2000s are characterized by more standardized and homogeneous information systems and with the rapid adoption of ERP and web technologies. Thus, we attempted to reexamine the link between IT capability and firm performance with data from the 2000s. Surprisingly, the results of our current analysis showed no significant link between IT capability and firm performance. Contrary to earlier studies, IT leader firms in our study didn't show better financial performance than control firms. We discuss several possible causes for the change in findings and present an in-depth comparison in business performance between the two groups--IT leader and control--over a period extending from 1991 to 2007.
TL;DR: In this article, a density functional theory (DFT) was applied to study sulfur-doped graphene clusters as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode catalysts for fuel cells, and the results showed that sulfur atoms could be adsorbed on the graphene surface, substitute carbon atoms at the graphene edges in the form of sulfur/sulfur oxide, or connect two graphene sheets by forming a sulfur cluster ring.
Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to study sulfur-doped graphene clusters as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode catalysts for fuel cells. Several sulfur-doped graphene clusters with/without Stone–Wales defects were investigated and their electronic structures, reaction free energy, transition states, and energy barriers were calculated to predict their catalytic properties. The results show that sulfur atoms could be adsorbed on the graphene surface, substitute carbon atoms at the graphene edges in the form of sulfur/sulfur oxide, or connect two graphene sheets by forming a sulfur cluster ring. These sulfur-doped graphene clusters with sulfur or sulfur oxide locating at graphene edges show electrocatalytic activity for ORR. Catalytic active sites distribute at the zigzag edge or the neighboring carbon atoms of doped sulfur oxide atoms, which possess large spin or charge density. For those being the active catalytic sites, sulfur atoms with the highest charge density take a two-electron tran...
TL;DR: Through this versatile synthetic route, large single crystals of 34 different iron-containing metal-organic frameworks are obtained, including PCN-250(Fe2Co), which exhibits high volumetric uptake of hydrogen and methane, and is also stable in water and aqueous solutions with a wide range of pH values.
Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks with high stability have been pursued for many years due to the sustainability requirement for practical applications. However, researchers have had great difficulty synthesizing chemically ultra-stable, highly porous metal-organic frameworks in the form of crystalline solids, especially as single crystals. Here we present a kinetically tuned dimensional augmentation synthetic route for the preparation of highly crystalline and extremely robust metal-organic frameworks with a preserved metal cluster core. Through this versatile synthetic route, we obtain large single crystals of 34 different iron-containing metal-organic frameworks. Among them, PCN-250(Fe2Co) exhibits high volumetric uptake of hydrogen and methane, and is also stable in water and aqueous solutions with a wide range of pH values.
TL;DR: Interestingly, and in contrast to the expected negative effect of the stress combination on plant growth, the results show that the combination of heat and salinity provides a significant level of protection to tomato plants from the effects of salinity.
Abstract: Many studies have described the response mechanisms of plants to salinity and heat applied individually; however, under field conditions some abiotic stresses often occur simultaneously. Recent studies revealed that the response of plants to a combination of two different stresses is specific and cannot be deduced from the stresses applied individually. Here, we report on the response of tomato plants to a combination of heat and salt stress. Interestingly, and in contrast to the expected negative effect of the stress combination on plant growth, our results show that the combination of heat and salinity provides a significant level of protection to tomato plants from the effects of salinity. We observed a specific response of plants to the stress combination that included accumulation of glycine betaine and trehalose. The accumulation of these compounds under the stress combination was linked to the maintenance of a high K(+) concentration and thus a lower Na(+) /K(+) ratio, with a better performance of the cell water status and photosynthesis as compared with salinity alone. Our findings unravel new and unexpected aspects of the response of plants to stress combination and provide a proposed list of enzymatic targets for improving crop tolerance to the abiotic field environment.
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2014TL;DR: This article investigated the predictors of readership and helpfulness of online consumer reviews using a sentiment mining approach and found that reviews with higher levels of positive sentiment in the title receive more readerships.
Abstract: Online consumer reviews (OCR) have helped consumers to know about the strengths and weaknesses of different products and find the ones that best suit their needs. This research investigates the predictors of readership and helpfulness of OCR using a sentiment mining approach. Our findings show that reviews with higher levels of positive sentiment in the title receive more readerships. Sentimental reviews with neutral polarity in the text are also perceived to be more helpful. The length and longevity of a review positively influence both its readership and helpfulness. Our findings suggest that the current methods used for sorting OCR may bias both their readership and helpfulness. This study can be used by online vendors to develop scalable automated systems for sorting and classification of OCR which will benefit both vendors and consumers.
01 Oct 2014
TL;DR: A new dataset is described, which contains Facebook posts and comments that exhibit code mixing between Bengali, English and Hindi, and it is found that the dictionary-based approach is surpassed by supervised classification and sequence labelling, and that it is important to take contextual clues into consideration.
Abstract: In social media communication, multilingual speakers often switch between languages, and, in such an environment, automatic language identification becomes both a necessary and challenging task. In this paper, we describe our work in progress on the problem of automatic language identification for the language of social media. We describe a new dataset that we are in the process of creating, which contains Facebook posts and comments that exhibit code mixing between Bengali, English and Hindi. We also present some preliminary word-level language identification experiments using this dataset. Different techniques are employed, including a simple unsupervised dictionary-based approach, supervised word-level classification with and without contextual clues, and sequence labelling using Conditional Random Fields. We find that the dictionary-based approach is surpassed by supervised classification and sequence labelling, and that it is important to take contextual clues into consideration.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the technical feasibility of a vegetative plant oil production platform and provide for a step change in the bioenergy landscape, opening new prospects for sustainable food, high energy forage, biofuel and biomaterial applications.
Abstract: High biomass crops have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative platform for the renewable production of high energy storage lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG). While TAG typically accumulates in seeds as storage compounds fuelling subsequent germination, levels in vegetative tissues are generally low. Here, we report the accumulation of more than 15% TAG (17.7% total lipids) by dry weight in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaves by the co-expression of three genes involved in different aspects of TAG production without severely impacting plant development. These yields far exceed the levels found in wild-type leaf tissue as well as previously reported engineered TAG yields in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and N. tabacum. When translated to a high biomass crop, the current levels would translate to an oil yield per hectare that exceeds those of most cultivated oilseed crops. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of TAG within leaf mesophyll cells. In addition, we explored the applicability of several existing oil-processing methods using fresh leaf tissue. Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of a vegetative plant oil production platform and provide for a step change in the bioenergy landscape, opening new prospects for sustainable food, high energy forage, biofuel and biomaterial applications.
TL;DR: The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire demonstrated expected associations with measures of avoidance, psychopathology, and quality of life and was distinguishable from negative affectivity and neuroticism.
Abstract: The 62-item Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was recently developed to assess a broad range of experiential avoidance (EA) content. However, practical clinical and research considerations made a briefer measure of EA desirable. Using items from the original 62-item MEAQ, a 15-item scale was created that tapped content from each of the MEAQ's six dimensions. Items were selected on the basis of their performance in 3 samples: undergraduates (n = 363), psychiatric outpatients (n = 265), and community adults (n = 215). These items were then evaluated using 2 additional samples (314 undergraduates and 201 psychiatric outpatients) and cross-validated in 2 new, independent samples (283 undergraduates and 295 community adults). The resulting measure (Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire; BEAQ) demonstrated good internal consistency. It also exhibited strong convergence with respect to each of the MEAQ's 6 dimensions. The BEAQ demonstrated expected associations with measures of avoidance, psychopathology, and quality of life and was distinguishable from negative affectivity and neuroticism.
TL;DR: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is now recommended as the first line of treatment of primary insomnia, and research reviewed below indicates that CBT-I in patients with co-morbid depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse disorders is generally effective.
Abstract: Insomnia is highly co-morbid with psychiatric disorders, making it a frequent issue in treatment planning in psychiatric clinics. Research has also shown that although insomnia may originally precede or be a consequence of a psychiatric disorder, insomnia likely becomes semi-independent, and may exacerbate those disorders if it is not addressed, leading to reduced treatment response. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is now recommended as the first line of treatment of primary insomnia. The research reviewed below indicates that CBT-I in patients with co-morbid depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse disorders is generally effective for insomnia and sometimes the co-morbid disorder as well. Although more research is needed before definitive recommendations can be made, it appears as though CBT-I is a viable approach to treating the patient with co-morbid insomnia and psychiatric disorders.
TL;DR: In this article, a quasiharmonic Debye approximation has been implemented within the aflow and materials project frameworks for high-throughput computational materials science (Automatic Gibbs Library, agl), in order to calculate thermal properties such as the Debye temperature and the thermal conductivity of materials.
Abstract: The quasiharmonic Debye approximation has been implemented within the aflow and Materials Project frameworks for high-throughput computational materials science (Automatic Gibbs Library, agl), in order to calculate thermal properties such as the Debye temperature and the thermal conductivity of materials. We demonstrate that the agl method, which is significantly cheaper computationally compared to the fully ab initio approach, can reliably predict the ordinal ranking of the thermal conductivity for several different classes of semiconductor materials. In particular, a high Pearson (i.e., linear) correlation is obtained between the experimental and agl computed values of the lattice thermal conductivity for a set of 75 compounds including materials with cubic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, and tetragonal symmetry.
TL;DR: A tool to decompose regression effects in the face of multicollinearity Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee*, KimNimon, ShomenMukerjee, DouglasW.Morris, RobSlotow andMichelle Hamer are described.
Abstract: tool to decompose regression effects in the face of multicollinearity Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee*, KimNimon, ShomenMukherjee, DouglasW.Morris, RobSlotow andMichelle Hamer TheSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,Westville Campus, Private Bag: X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Learning Technologies andCollege of Information, University of North Texas, 3940N. Elm, RmG150Denton, TX, 76207, USA; Department of Biology, LakeheadUniversity, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada; and South AfricanNational Biodiversity Institute, Private BagX101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
TL;DR: This article attempts to conceptualize how learning environments can be made more effective, efficient and engaging (i.e., smarter) on a large and sustainable scale.
Abstract: Learning environments have changed dramatically in the last 50 years, in large part due to information and communications technologies. From the introduction of personal computing and the Internet, there has been a continuing explosion of innovations in support of learning and instruction. Much has been written about new learning approaches and instructional paradigms, but relatively little has been implemented on a large scale with any significant learning outcomes. What has tended to happen when a new learning technology is introduced is that it is tried out on a small-scale in a privileged context (e.g., highly experienced and motivated teachers, on-site researchers, etc.), and when results show promise, the technology is broadly disseminated and used to replace a previous activity or resource, often without adequate training and support. Given the power and potential of new and emerging technologies, it is time to conceptualize how learning environments can be made more effective, efficient and engaging (i.e., smarter) on a large and sustainable scale. This article attempts to provide a small step in that direction.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the diverse molecular targets of OA and its derivatives and also provides clear evidence on their promising potential in preclinical and clinical situations.
TL;DR: Femto- and nanosecond transient absorption and photoelectrochemical techniques have been employed in these studies to give clear evidence for the occurrence of energy- and electron-transfer reactions and to determine their rates and efficiencies.
Abstract: Various molecular and supramolecular systems have been synthesized and characterized recently to mimic the functions of photosynthesis, in which solar energy conversion is achieved. Artificial photosynthesis consists of light-harvesting and charge-separation processes together with catalytic units of water oxidation and reduction. Among the organic molecules, derivatives of BF2-chelated dipyrromethene (BODIPY), "porphyrin's little sister", have been widely used in constructing these artificial photosynthetic models due to their unique properties. In these photosynthetic models, BODIPYs act as not only excellent antenna molecules, but also as electron-donor and -acceptor molecules in both the covalently linked molecular and supramolecular systems formed by axial coordination, hydrogen bonding, or crown ether complexation. The relationships between the structures and photochemical reactivities of these novel molecular and supramolecular systems are discussed in relation to the efficiency of charge separation and charge recombination. Femto- and nanosecond transient absorption and photoelectrochemical techniques have been employed in these studies to give clear evidence for the occurrence of energy- and electron-transfer reactions and to determine their rates and efficiencies.
01 Oct 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the problem of large scale real-time ridesharing with service guarantee on road networks, where trip requests are dynamically matched to vehicles while trip waiting and service time constraints are satisfied.
Abstract: Urban traffic gridlock is a familiar scene. At the same time, the mean occupancy rate of personal vehicle trips in the United States is only 1.6 persons per vehicle mile. Ridesharing has the potential to solve many environmental, congestion, pollution, and energy problems. In this paper, we introduce the problem of large scale real-time ridesharing with service guarantee on road networks. Trip requests are dynamically matched to vehicles while trip waiting and service time constraints are satisfied. We first propose two scheduling algorithms: a branch-and-bound algorithm and an integer programing algorithm. However, these algorithms do not adapt well to the dynamic nature of the ridesharing problem. Thus, we propose kinetic tree algorithms which are better suited to efficient scheduling of dynamic requests and adjust routes on-the-fly. We perform experiments on a large Shanghai taxi dataset. Results show that the kinetic tree algorithms outperform other algorithms significantly.