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Journal ArticleDOI

Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense.

TLDR
Comparison of mice lacking either type I or type II IFN receptors showed that, at least in response to some viruses, both IFN systems are essential for antiviral defense and are functionally nonredundant.
Abstract
Mice lacking the known subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor were completely unresponsive to type I IFNs, suggesting that this receptor chain is essential for type I IFN-mediated signal transduction. These mice showed no overt anomalies but were unable to cope with viral infections, despite otherwise normal immune responses. Comparison of mice lacking either type I or type II IFN receptors showed that, at least in response to some viruses, both IFN systems are essential for antiviral defense and are functionally nonredundant.

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Interferons, Mx Genes, and Resistance to Influenza Virus

TL;DR: The MxA protein has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to protect against influenza virus infection because the resistance does not require a functioning immune system as mentioned in this paper. But, in contrast to the murine Mx system, a functioning immunity system is necessary for protection.
Journal ArticleDOI

The orthopoxvirus type I IFN binding protein is essential for virulence and an effective target for vaccination.

TL;DR: This work demonstrates that immunization with recombinant type I IFN bp protects mice from lethal mousepox and provides proof of concept that effective antiviral vaccines can be made to prevent disease by targeting virulence factors as an alternative to the traditional approach that attempts to prevent infection by virus neutralization.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dna vaccination against virus infection and enhancement of antiviral immunity following consecutive immunization with dna and viral vectors

TL;DR: Progress in DNA‐based antiviral immunoprophylaxis is reviewed and a consecutive immunization protocol consisting of a priming dose of vaccine antigen encoded in DNA plasmids followed by a booster with the same antigen encoding in recombinant fowlpox virus vectors is described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family

TL;DR: This sequence allowed the determination of the hitherto unknown primary structure of rat GAPDH which is 333 aminoacids long and revealed a high degree of sequence conservation at both nucleotide and protein levels.
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Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes

TL;DR: A positive and negative selection procedure is described that enriches 2,000-fold for those cells that contain a targeted mutation in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI

Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor.

TL;DR: Mutant mice offer the possibility for the further elucidation of IFN-gamma-mediated functions by transgenic cell- or tissue-specific reconstitution of a functional receptor.
Journal ArticleDOI

Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-β gene regulatory elements

TL;DR: It is shown here that the IRF-1 gene possesses virus-inducible promoter and is also involved in the regulation of other genes such as IFN-alpha and MHC class I genes.
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