Journal ArticleDOI
Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense.
Ulrike Müller,Ulrich Steinhoff,Luiz F. L. Reis,Silvio Hemmi,Jovan Pavlovic,Rolf M. Zinkernagel,Michel Aguet +6 more
TLDR
Comparison of mice lacking either type I or type II IFN receptors showed that, at least in response to some viruses, both IFN systems are essential for antiviral defense and are functionally nonredundant.Abstract:
Mice lacking the known subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor were completely unresponsive to type I IFNs, suggesting that this receptor chain is essential for type I IFN-mediated signal transduction. These mice showed no overt anomalies but were unable to cope with viral infections, despite otherwise normal immune responses. Comparison of mice lacking either type I or type II IFN receptors showed that, at least in response to some viruses, both IFN systems are essential for antiviral defense and are functionally nonredundant.read more
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CpG-matured murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are capable of in vivo priming of functional CD8 T cell responses to endogenous but not exogenous antigens.
TL;DR: The results underline the heterogeneity and plasticity of different antigen-presenting cells, and reveal an important role of mature PDCs in priming CD8 responses to endogenous antigens, in addition to their previously reported ability to modulate antiviral responses via type I IFN.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune responses to RNA-virus infections of the CNS.
TL;DR: Assessment of the relative roles of cytotoxic T cells, antibodies and cytokines in the clearance of viruses from neurons, glial cells and meningeal cells shows the importance of innate immune responses in the CNS in controlling virus infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaccinia virus vaccines: past, present and future.
Bertram L. Jacobs,Jeffrey Langland,Jeffrey Langland,Karen V. Kibler,Karen L. Denzler,Stacy D. White,Susan A. Holechek,Shukmei Wong,Trung Huynh,Carole R. Baskin,Carole R. Baskin +10 more
TL;DR: This review provides an in-depth examination of these successive generations of VACV vaccines, focusing on how the understanding of poxviral replication and viral gene function permits the deliberate modification of VacV immunogenicity and virulence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Species-specific Regulation of Toll-like Receptor 3 Genes in Men and Mice
Sven Heinz,Viola Haehnel,Marina Karaghiosoff,Lucia Schwarzfischer,Mathias Müller,Stefan W. Krause,Michael Rehli +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that species-specific differences in tissue expression and responses to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) coincide with the presence of different, evolutionary non-conserved promoter sequences in both species, which suggests a role of TLR3 in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cutting Edge: The Direct Action of Type I IFN on CD4 T Cells Is Critical for Sustaining Clonal Expansion in Response to a Viral but Not a Bacterial Infection
TL;DR: Direct IFN-I signals can play either a critical or minimal role in CD4 T cell clonal expansion depending on the specific pathogen.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family
TL;DR: This sequence allowed the determination of the hitherto unknown primary structure of rat GAPDH which is 333 aminoacids long and revealed a high degree of sequence conservation at both nucleotide and protein levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes
TL;DR: A positive and negative selection procedure is described that enriches 2,000-fold for those cells that contain a targeted mutation in mouse embryo-derived stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein
Hansruedi Büeler,Marek Fischer,Yolande Lang,Yolande Lang,Horst Bluethmann,Horst Bluethmann,Hans-Peter Lipp,Stephen J. DeArmond,Stephen J. DeArmond,Stanley B. Prusiner,Stanley B. Prusiner,Michel Aguet,Charles Weissmann +12 more
TL;DR: It is now feasible to determine whether mice devoid of PrPc can propagate prions and are susceptible to scrapie pathogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor.
Sui Huang,Wiljan Hendriks,Alana Althage,Silvio Hemmi,Horst Bluethmann,Ryutaro Kamijo,Jan Vilcek,Rolf M. Zinkernagel,Michel Aguet +8 more
TL;DR: Mutant mice offer the possibility for the further elucidation of IFN-gamma-mediated functions by transgenic cell- or tissue-specific reconstitution of a functional receptor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-β gene regulatory elements
Masaaki Miyamoto,Takashi Fujita,Yoko Kimura,Mitsuo Maruyama,Hisashi Harada,Yoshiaki Sudo,Takashi Miyata,Tadatsugu Taniguchi +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown here that the IRF-1 gene possesses virus-inducible promoter and is also involved in the regulation of other genes such as IFN-alpha and MHC class I genes.