Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The human intestinal microbiome at extreme ages of life. Dietary intervention as a way to counteract alterations.
Nuria Salazar,Silvia Arboleya,Lorena Valdés,Catherine Stanton,Paul Ross,Lorena Ruiz,Miguel Gueimonde,Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán +7 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge on intestinal microbiota alterations at extreme stages of life and tools for designing differentiated nutritional strategies by the use of probiotics, prebiotics and specific nutrients in order to restore a balanced microbiota and to improve immune and nutritional status are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aging progression of human gut microbiota.
TL;DR: The multivariate unsupervised analysis here revealed the existence of a continuous aging progression of human gut microbiota along with the host aging process, and the identified genera associated to this aging process are meaningful for designing probiotics to maintain the gut microbiota to resemble a young age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Gut Microbiota on Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Luca Miele,Valentina Giorgio,Maria Adele Alberelli,Erica De Candia,Antonio Gasbarrini,Antonio Grieco +5 more
TL;DR: The impact of gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease risk is reviewed, focusing on the newest findings in this field.
Book ChapterDOI
Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS): Structure, Function, and Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis.
TL;DR: The important roles played by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the third major component of human milk, in the health of breast-fed infants have been increasingly recognized, as the structures of more than 100 different HMOS have now been elucidated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiome and Antibiotics
TL;DR: The effect of type and doses of the antibiotics on the gut microbiota and what the major consequences in the use and abuse of these antimicrobial agents are are discussed.
References
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
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TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
J. Gregory Caporaso,Justin Kuczynski,Jesse Stombaugh,Kyle Bittinger,Frederic D. Bushman,Elizabeth K. Costello,Noah Fierer,Antonio Gonzalez Peña,Julia K. Goodrich,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Gavin A. Huttley,Scott T. Kelley,Dan Knights,Jeremy E. Koenig,Ruth E. Ley,Catherine A. Lozupone,Daniel McDonald,Brian D. Muegge,Meg Pirrung,Jens Reeder,Joel Sevinsky,Peter J. Turnbaugh,William A. Walters,Jeremy Widmann,Tanya Yatsunenko,Jesse R. Zaneveld,Rob Knight,Rob Knight +27 more