Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Diet, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics.
TL;DR: The role of the gut microbiome in dietary metabolism and how microbial metabolites may influence gene expression linked to colon cancer risk are discussed.
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Rates of gut microbiome divergence in mammals.
Alex H. Nishida,Howard Ochman +1 more
TL;DR: Contrary to expectations, the number of dietary transitions within a lineage does not influence rates of microbiome divergence, but instead, some of the most dramatic changes are associated with the loss of bacterial taxa, such as those accompanying the transition from terrestrial to marine lifestyles and the evolution of hominids.
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Kingdom-Agnostic Metagenomics and the Importance of Complete Characterization of Enteric Microbial Communities
TL;DR: It is shown that bacteria are not the only complex and important microbes in the human intestine, and studies of associations between the microbiome and intestinal pathology should incorporate kingdom-agnostic approaches if to fully understand intestinal health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complexity and health functionality of plant cell wall fibers from fruits and vegetables.
TL;DR: The objective of this review is to assess the complexity and health-related functional role of plant cell wall fibers from fruits and vegetables with a particular emphasis on interactions between cell walls and phytonutrients.
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Priming for health: gut microbiota acquired in early life regulates physiology, brain and behaviour
TL;DR: The infant gut microbiome is dynamic, and radical shifts in composition occur during the first 3 years of life, and Integrating these observations is an important new research frontier.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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