Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Detrimental Impact of Microbiota-Accessible Carbohydrate-Deprived Diet on Gut and Immune Homeostasis: An Overview
TL;DR: The present review provides a synopsis on the impact of a low-MAC diet on gut homeostasis or, more specifically, on gut microbiota, gut epithelium, and immune cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of lifestyle on the gut microbiota of healthy infants and their mothers—the ALADDIN birth cohort.
Helena Marell Hesla,Helena Marell Hesla,Fredrik Stenius,Fredrik Stenius,Lotta Jäderlund,Ronald M. Nelson,Lars Engstrand,Johan Alm,Johan Alm,Johan Dicksved +9 more
TL;DR: Stool samples from mother-infant pairs from the ALADDIN birth cohort study determined no significant differences in the gut microbiota between the anthroposophic and non-anthropOSophic mothers or their infants' before 6 months of age, despite large differences in lifestyle exposures.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of diet and intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome.
TL;DR: Overall, the shaping of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics increases the short-chain fatty acid production and is therefore a valid alternative in MetS treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic-induced changes in the microbiota disrupt redox dynamics in the gut.
Aspen T. Reese,Eugenia H. Cho,Bruce Klitzman,Scott P. Nichols,Natalie Wisniewski,Max M. Villa,Heather K. Durand,Sharon Jiang,Firas S. Midani,Sai N Nimmagadda,Thomas M. O’Connell,Justin P. Wright,Marc A. Deshusses,Lawrence A. David +13 more
TL;DR: Gut redox potential increased within hours of an antibiotic dose in mice, and bacterial competition for electron acceptors can be a key ecological factor structuring gut communities, which supports the potential for manipulating gut microbiota through managing bacterial respiration.
Conference on 'Diet, gut microbiology and human health' Symposium 4: Manipulating the microbiome: health and therapeutic opportunities: Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health
Elaine Patterson,John F. Cryan,Gerald F. Fitzgerald,R. Paul Ross,Timothy G. Dinan,Catherine Stanton +5 more
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics are the most widely used dietary adjuncts to modulate the gut microbiota and evidence is emerging of the interactions between administered microbes and dietary substrates, leading to the production of pharmabiotics, which may directly or indirectly positively influence human health.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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