Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation.
TL;DR: This review highlights how the host shapes its gut microbiota via specific and nonspecific factors, how environmental and nutritional factors affect it, and how to modulate it using prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Journal ArticleDOI
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021
Richard R. Orlandi,Todd T. Kingdom,Timothy L. Smith,Benjamin S. Bleier,Adam S. DeConde,Amber U Luong,David M. Poetker,Zachary M. Soler,Kevin C. Welch,Sarah K. Wise,Nithin D. Adappa,Jeremiah A. Alt,Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima,Claus Bachert,Claus Bachert,Claus Bachert,Fuad M. Baroody,Pete S. Batra,Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen,Daniel M. Beswick,Neil Bhattacharyya,Rakesh K. Chandra,Eugene H. Chang,Alexander G. Chiu,Naweed I. Chowdhury,Martin J. Citardi,Noam A. Cohen,David B. Conley,John M. DelGaudio,Martin Desrosiers,Richard G. Douglas,Jean Anderson Eloy,Wytske Fokkens,Stacey T. Gray,David A. Gudis,Daniel L. Hamilos,Joseph K. Han,Richard J. Harvey,Peter Hellings,Eric H. Holbrook,Claire Hopkins,Peter H. Hwang,Amin R. Javer,Rong San Jiang,David N. Kennedy,Robert C. Kern,Tanya M. Laidlaw,Devyani Lal,Andrew P. Lane,Heung Man Lee,Jivianne T. Lee,Joshua M. Levy,Sandra Y. Lin,Valerie J. Lund,Kevin C. McMains,Ralph Metson,Joaquim Mullol,Robert M. Naclerio,Gretchen M. Oakley,Nobuyoshi Otori,James N. Palmer,Sanjay R. Parikh,Desiderio Passali,Zara M. Patel,Anju T. Peters,Carl Philpott,Alkis J. Psaltis,Vijay R. Ramakrishnan,Murugappan Ramanathan,Hwan Jung Roh,Luke Rudmik,Raymond Sacks,Rodney J. Schlosser,Ahmad R. Sedaghat,Brent A. Senior,Raj Sindwani,Kristine A. Smith,Kornkiat Snidvongs,Michael G. Stewart,Jeffrey D. Suh,Bruce K. Tan,Justin H. Turner,Cornelis M. van Drunen,Richard Louis Voegels,De Yun Wang,Bradford A. Woodworth,Peter-John Wormald,Erin D. Wright,Carol H. Yan,Luo Zhang,Bing Zhou +90 more
TL;DR: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in the understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders
TL;DR: The bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (brain-gut axis) and the role of the gut microbiota in the central nerve system (CNS) and ASD are reviewed and microbiome-mediated therapies might be a safe and effective treatment for ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal fucosyltransferase 2 status affects the gut bifidobacterial communities of breastfed infants
Zachery T. Lewis,Sarah M. Totten,Jennifer T. Smilowitz,Mina Popovic,Evan A. Parker,Danielle G. Lemay,Maxwell L. Van Tassell,Michael J. Miller,Yong Su Jin,J. Bruce German,Carlito B. Lebrilla,David A. Mills +11 more
TL;DR: Mechanistic insight is provided into how milk glycans enrich specific beneficial bacterial populations in infants and clues for enhancing enrichment of bifidobacterial populations in at risk populations - such as premature infants are revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota in Allergy and Asthma and the Emerging Relationship with the Gut Microbiome
Kei E. Fujimura,Susan V. Lynch +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence to date suggests that the airway and/or gut microbiome may represent fertile targets for prevention or management of allergic asthma and other diseases in which adaptive immune dysfunction is a prominent feature.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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