Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Mediterranean diet and health: food effects on gut microbiota and disease control.
TL;DR: Data integration of food metabotypes and gut microbiota “enterotypes” may allow one to interpret MD adherence and its effects on health in a new way, employable for the design of targeted diets and nutraceutical interventions in childcare and clinical management of food-related diseases, whose onset has been significantly shifted early in life.
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Gut Microbiota and Their Neuroinflammatory Implications in Alzheimer's Disease.
TL;DR: This review highlights the impact of metabolites from the gut microbiota on communication pathways between the brain and gut, as well as the neuroinflammatory roles they may have in AD patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions.
TL;DR: This work examines what is known about the human small intestinal microbiota in terms of community structure and functional properties, and examines temporal dynamics of select bacterial populations in the small intestine, and the effects of dietary carbohydrates and fats on shaping these populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
TL;DR: It is currently unclear whether the composition of the microbial flora or individual bacterial strains or pathogens induces or supports the pathogenesis of IBD, and further research will be necessary to carefully dissect the contribution of individual bacterial species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulators of Gut Motility Revealed by a Gnotobiotic Model of Diet-Microbiome Interactions Related to Travel
Neelendu Dey,Vitas E. Wagner,Laura V. Blanton,Jiye Cheng,Luigi Fontana,Rashidul Haque,Tahmeed Ahmed,Jeffrey I. Gordon +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that correlations between bacterial species abundances and transit times are diet dependent, however, the levels of unconjugated bile acids-generated by bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSH)-correlated with faster transit, including during consumption of a Bangladeshi diet.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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