Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Microbial Reconstitution Reverses Maternal Diet-Induced Social and Synaptic Deficits in Offspring
Shelly A. Buffington,Gonzalo Viana Di Prisco,Thomas A. Auchtung,Nadim J. Ajami,Joseph F. Petrosino,Mauro Costa-Mattioli +5 more
TL;DR: It is reported that maternal high-fat diet induces a shift in microbial ecology that negatively impacts offspring social behavior, and a single commensal strain is identified that corrects oxytocin levels, LTP, and social deficits in MHFD offspring.
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The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes
TL;DR: How prenatal and postnatal factors shape the development of both the microbiome and the immune system are described and the prospects of microbiome-mediated therapeutics and the need for more effective approaches that can reconfigure bacterial communities from pathogenic to homeostatic configurations are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity
Kenneth J. Locey,Jay T. Lennon +1 more
TL;DR: A unified scaling law is shown that predicts the abundance of dominant species across 30 orders of magnitude to the scale of all microorganisms on Earth and predicts that Earth is home to as many as 1 trillion microbial species.
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Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer
Inés Mármol,Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego,Alberto Pradilla Dieste,Elena Cerrada,María Jesús Rodriguez Yoldi +4 more
TL;DR: The choice of first-line treatment in CRC follows a multimodal approach based on tumour-related characteristics and usually comprises surgical resection followed by chemotherapy combined with monoclonal antibodies or proteins against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth receptor (EGFR).
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Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales.
Lawrence A. David,Lawrence A. David,Arne C. Materna,Jonathan Friedman,Maria I Campos-Baptista,Matthew C. Blackburn,Allison Perrotta,Susan E. Erdman,Eric J. Alm +8 more
TL;DR: Although human-associated microbial communities are generally stable, they can be quickly and profoundly altered by common human actions and experiences, and changes in host fiber intake positively correlated with next-day abundance changes among 15% of gut microbiota members.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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