Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Microbiota-Brain-Gut Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases
TL;DR: In theory, a role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis is highly plausible; clinical confirmation is awaited and a theoretical basis can be developed for the use of microbiota-directed therapies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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An introduction to the analysis of shotgun metagenomic data.
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The gut microbiota: a major player in the toxicity of environmental pollutants?
TL;DR: There is a body of evidence suggesting that gut microbiota are a major, yet underestimated element that must be considered to fully evaluate the toxicity of environmental contaminants.
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Development of intestinal microbiota in infants and its impact on health
Sébastien Matamoros,Christèle Gras-Leguen,Françoise Le Vacon,Gilles Potel,Marie-France de la Cochetière +4 more
TL;DR: This review discusses recent data on the early colonization of the gut by microbial species, development of the intestinal microbiota, and its impact on health.
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Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota.
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TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the recently published evidence from human in vivo studies on the gut microbiota-modulating effects of diet and highlight the problems faced by scientists in this fast-developing field of research, and the need for high-quality, large-scale human dietary intervention studies.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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