Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Assessment of variation in microbial community amplicon sequencing by the Microbiome Quality Control (MBQC) project consortium
Rashmi Sinha,Galeb Abu-Ali,Emily Vogtmann,Anthony A. Fodor,Boyu Ren,Amnon Amir,Emma Schwager,Emma Schwager,Jonathan Crabtree,Siyuan Ma,Siyuan Ma,Christian C. Abnet,Rob Knight,Owen White,Curtis Huttenhower,Curtis Huttenhower +15 more
TL;DR: A baseline investigation of variability in taxonomic profiling for the Microbiome Quality Control project baseline study finds variations depended most on biospecimen type and origin, followed by DNA extraction, sample handling environment, and bioinformatics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes
Elaine Patterson,Paul M. Ryan,John F. Cryan,Timothy G. Dinan,R. Paul Ross,Gerald F. Fitzgerald,Catherine Stanton +6 more
TL;DR: This review will investigate the intricate axis between the microbiota and host metabolism, while also addressing the promising and novel field of probiotics as metabolic therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maturation of the gut microbiome and risk of asthma in childhood.
Jakob Stokholm,Jakob Stokholm,Martin J. Blaser,Jonathan Thorsen,Morten Arendt Rasmussen,Morten Arendt Rasmussen,Johannes Waage,Rebecca K. Vinding,Ann-Marie Malby Schoos,Asja Kunøe,Nadia R. Fink,Bo L. Chawes,Klaus Bønnelykke,Asker Daniel Brejnrod,Martin S. Mortensen,Waleed Abu Al-Soud,Søren J. Sørensen,Hans Bisgaard +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that 1-year-old children with an immature microbial composition have an increased risk of asthma at age 5 years, and this association is only apparent among children born to asthmatic mothers, suggesting that lacking microbial stimulation during the first year of life can trigger their inherited asthma risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiome and liver diseases
TL;DR: A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alterations in the Gut Microbiota Associated with HIV-1 Infection
Catherine A. Lozupone,Marcella Li,Thomas B. Campbell,Sonia C. Flores,Derek J. Linderman,Matthew J. Gebert,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Andrew P. Fontenot,Brent E. Palmer +9 more
TL;DR: Evaluating innate and adaptive immune responses to lysates from bacteria that differ with HIV explores the functional drivers of these compositional differences and identifies Prevotella-rich community composition most similar to healthy individuals in agrarian cultures of Malawi and Venezuela.
References
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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