Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and the Microbiome-Searching the Crime Scene for Clues
Mirae Lee,Eugene B. Chang +1 more
TL;DR: The genetic and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiota, the roles of gut microbes and their bioproducts in the development and clinical course of IBD, and strategies by which microbiome-based therapies can be used to prevent, manage, and eventually cure IBD are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fermented foods, microbiota, and mental health: ancient practice meets nutritional psychiatry
TL;DR: It is argued that the consumption of fermented foods may be particularly relevant to the emerging research linking traditional dietary practices and positive mental health, and that properly controlled fermentation may often amplify the specific nutrient and phytochemical content of foods, the ultimate value of which may associated with mental health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global burden of irritable bowel syndrome: trends, predictions and risk factors
TL;DR: An overview of the global burden of irritable bowel syndrome is provided in a global context, to discuss future implications for the care of people with IBS worldwide, and to identify key areas for further research.
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Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists
Lauren M. Petersen,Eddy J. Bautista,Hoan Nguyen,Blake M. Hanson,Lei Chen,Sai H. Lek,Erica Sodergren,George M. Weinstock +7 more
TL;DR: A framework for common constituents of the gut community in individuals who follow an exercise-rich lifestyle is provided and how certain organisms such as M. smithii may beneficially influence the metabolic efficiency in professional cyclists due to synergistic metabolic cross-feeding events is suggested.
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Nutritional iron turned inside out: intestinal stress from a gut microbial perspective
TL;DR: An unpreceded view on the dynamic effects and impact of oral iron administration on intestinal host-microbiota interactions is presented to provide leads for future research and other applications.
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QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
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