Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Tanya Yatsunenko,Federico E. Rey,Mark J. Manary,Mark J. Manary,Indi Trehan,Indi Trehan,Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello,Monica Contreras,Magda Magris,Glida Hidalgo,Robert N. Baldassano,Andrey P. Anokhin,Andrew C. Heath,Barbara B. Warner,Jens Reeder,Justin Kuczynski,J. Gregory Caporaso,Catherine A. Lozupone,Christian L. Lauber,Jose C. Clemente,Dan Knights,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +22 more
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TLDR
The need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization is underscored, as distinctive features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood.Abstract:
Gut microbial communities represent one source of human genetic and metabolic diversity. To examine how gut microbiomes differ among human populations, here we characterize bacterial species in fecal samples from 531 individuals, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort encompassed healthy children and adults from the Amazonas of Venezuela, rural Malawi and US metropolitan areas and included mono- and dizygotic twins. Shared features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in the genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Pronounced differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were noted between US residents and those in the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early infancy as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when evaluating human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations and the impact of westernization.read more
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The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review.
TL;DR: The evidence for probiotics alleviating depressive symptoms is compelling but additional double-blind randomized control trials in clinical populations are warranted to further assess efficacy.
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Early microbial and metabolomic signatures predict later onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Ardythe L. Morrow,Ardythe L. Morrow,Anne J. Lagomarcino,Kurt Schibler,Diana H. Taft,Diana H. Taft,Zhuoteng Yu,Bo Wang,Mekibib Altaye,Michael Wagner,Dirk Gevers,Doyle V. Ward,Michael A. Kennedy,Curtis Huttenhower,David S. Newburg +14 more
TL;DR: Banked stool and urine samples collected prior to disease onset from infants <29 weeks gestational age indicate that early microbial and metabolomic signatures may provide highly predictive biomarkers of NEC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal Microbiota And Diet in IBS: Causes, Consequences, or Epiphenomena?
Mirjana Rajilić-Stojanović,Daisy Jonkers,Anne Salonen,Kurt Hanevik,Jeroen Raes,Jonna Jalanka,Willem M. de Vos,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Natasa Golic,Paul Enck,Elena Philippou,Fuad A. Iraqi,Gerard Clarke,Robin C. Spiller,John Penders +14 more
TL;DR: This review describes pathways (mechanisms) by which diet components, via the microbial fermentation, could trigger IBS symptoms and suggests recommendations for future studies that would enable elucidation of the role of diet and microbiota and how these factors may be (inter)related in the pathophysiology of IBS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serial Analysis of the Gut and Respiratory Microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis in Infancy: Interaction between Intestinal and Respiratory Tracts and Impact of Nutritional Exposures
Juliette C. Madan,Devin C. Koestler,Bruce A. Stanton,L. Davidson,Lisa A. Moulton,Molly L. Housman,Jason H. Moore,Margaret F. Guill,Hilary G. Morrison,Mitchell L. Sogin,Thomas H. Hampton,Margaret R. Karagas,Paul Palumbo,James A. Foster,Patricia L. Hibberd,George A. O'Toole +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nutritional factors and gut colonization patterns are determinants of the microbial development of respiratory tract microbiota in infants with CF and present opportunities for early intervention in CF with altered dietary or probiotic strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The amphibian skin-associated microbiome across species, space and life history stages.
Jordan G. Kueneman,Laura Wegener Parfrey,Douglas C. Woodhams,Holly M. Archer,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Valerie J. McKenzie +6 more
TL;DR: High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing is used to examine the host and environmental influences on the skin microbiota of the cohabiting amphibian species Anaxyrus boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Taricha torosa and Lithobates catesbeianus from the Central Valley in California, and populations of Rana cascadae tadpoles.
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