Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Biology & Chemistry. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

Frequência de anticorpos e fatores de risco associados à leucose enzoótica bovina em rebanhos da bacia leiteira do estado do Maranhão

Abstract: This study was performed in order to determine the frequency of antibodies to enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and the main factors related to the infection in dairy herds of Maranhao State, Brazil. Serum samples from 920 animals were submitted to the agar gel immunodifusion technique. The study was carried out on 92 dairy properties, in 23 districts located in the regions of Acailândia, Bacabal, Sao Luis Island, Imperatriz and Pedreiras. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd to investigate variables that could be associated with this infection. Of the 920 serum samples examined, 53.8% were reagent. The frequency breakdown by region was 63.50%, 61.87%, 60.62%, 41.18% and 30.83%, for Bacabal, Sao Luis Island, Pedreiras, Imperatriz and Acailândia, respectively. Reagents animals were found in the 23 districts studied, with detection of serologically positive bovines on 98.91% of the properties. Variables identified as risk factors included the repeated use of the same needle for blood sampling or vaccination, repeated use of the same obstetric glove, animal housing and absence of veterinary assistance. These risk factors presented a statistical significance (P < 0.05) associated to infection. These results indicate that enzootic bovine leukosis infection is high in dairy herds of the state of Maranhao and that factors related to livestock management were associated with the risk of EBL infection.

Optimisation and validation of a quantitative and confirmatory method for residues of macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin in kidney by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A solid phase extraction followed by a liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection method for the confirmatory analysis of lincomycin (LIN), clindamycin (CLI), tilmicosin (TIM), erythromycin (ERI) and tylosin (TYL) residues in kidney were optimised and validated for monitoring and controlling the use of these antibiotics in food producing-animals. The method optimisation was carried out by testing changes in the extraction buffer pH and in the ammonium/acetonitrile concentrations on SPE eluent solutions. The optimised extraction procedure involved the extraction of the analytes with a pH 8 phosphate buffer, clean-up on a reversed-phase mixed-cation exchange cartridge, followed by the elution of the analytes in a 98:2 acetonitrile/ammonia solution, concentration in air flow and re-dissolved with an 1:1 methanol/water solution. The analytes were detected in an LC-MS/MS system in electrospray positive ionisation mode. The validation was performed according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Linearity was established for all analytes using the method of least weighted squares and CCα values ranged from 5.3% to 21.1% higher than the minimum residue limit (MRL) values. The addition levels varied from 0.5 to 1.50 MRL for all analytes, with recoveries exceeding 92.5%. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) in terms of repeatability (n = 54) and reproducibility (n = 108) for all analytes were less than 21.6% and 21.4%, respectively. The uncertainties were calculated by simplified methods using the calibration curve uncertainty and the intermediate precision to obtain the combined measurement uncertainty. The results of the validation process demonstrated that this method is suitable for the quantification and confirmation of antibiotic residues for the Brazilian Residue and Contaminant Control Plan (PNCR).

Efeitos da forma física da ração e da linhagem de frangos de corte sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e determinação de energia líquida

Abstract: Para avaliar os efeitos da forma fisica da racao, do consumo de racao controlado e das linhagens sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, os valores de energia das racoes e a producao de calor pelas aves, foram utilizados 210 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb® e 210 pintos machos da linhagem Ross-308®. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela forma fisica da racao, pelo consumo de racao controlado e pela linhagem, da seguinte forma: racao farelada a vontade, racao peletizada a vontade e racao peletizada controlada com consumo igual ao da racao farelada. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (tres racoes e duas linhagens), com quatro repeticoes (periodos), sendo o periodo considerado como bloco. A digestibilidade da materia seca nao foi afetada pela forma fisica da racao, entretanto a digestibilidade do extrato etereo melhorou com a peletizacao. A linhagem influenciou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e juntamente com a forma fisica da racao afetou a producao de calor das aves. A utilizacao de racoes peletizadas aumentou os valores de energia liquida das racoes, independentemente da linhagem, favorecendo o desempenho de frangos de corte.

Push-pull closure for a drink container

Abstract: The invention relates to a push-pull closure for a drink container having a body element (10) comprising a through-passage (18) and a fastening device (12) by means of which it can be sealingly and releaseably connected to an opening of the drink container (110), a mouthpiece (40) that can be inserted axially displaceably into the through-passage (18) of the body element (10) and has at least one locking section (44) that can engage behind the through-passage (18) of the body element (10), and a locking element (80) that can be releaseably attached to the inside of the body element (80) facing the drink container (110), wherein the locking element (80) is disposed such that the locking segment (44) of the mouthpiece (40) cannot assume a position in which said section does not engage behind the through-passage (18) of the body element (10) when the mouthpiece (40) is inserted into the through-passage (18) and the locking element (80) is attached to the inside of the body element (10).