Institution
University of Exeter
Education•Exeter, United Kingdom•
About: University of Exeter is a education organization based out in Exeter, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 15820 authors who have published 50650 publications receiving 1793046 citations. The organization is also known as: Exeter University & University of the South West of England.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Experimental evidence of sharp spectral features in the optical response of 2D arrays of gold nanorods is presented, and a simple coupled dipole model is used to describe the main features of the observed spectral line shape.
Abstract: We present experimental evidence of sharp spectral features in the optical response of 2D arrays of gold nanorods. A simple coupled dipole model is used to describe the main features of the observed spectral line shape. The resonance involves an interplay between the excitation of plasmons localized on the particles and diffraction resulting from the scattering by the periodic arrangement of these particles. We investigate this interplay by varying the particle size, aspect ratio, and interparticle spacing, and observe the effect on the position, width, and intensity of the sharp spectral feature.
963 citations
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Utrecht University1, Naturalis2, Duke University3, Institut de recherche pour le développement4, Institut national de la recherche agronomique5, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi6, University of California, Berkeley7, University of Leeds8, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária9, National Institute of Amazonian Research10, National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco11, University of Exeter12, World Wide Fund for Nature13, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno14, Norwegian University of Life Sciences15, Max Planck Society16, James Cook University17, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso18, University of Amsterdam19, Silver Spring Networks20, State University of Campinas21, University of Edinburgh22, University of Los Andes23, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute24, National University of Colombia25, University of East Anglia26, Central University of Ecuador27, Centre national de la recherche scientifique28, Humboldt State University29, New York Botanical Garden30, Universidade Federal do Acre31, Paul Sabatier University32, Missouri Botanical Garden33, Amazon.com34, University of Texas at Austin35, University of Florida36, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research37, Environmental Change Institute38, Federal Rural University of Amazonia39, University of São Paulo40, State University of Norte Fluminense41, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee42, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute43, Northern Arizona University44, Aarhus University45, Tropenbos International46, University of Kent47, Royal Botanic Gardens48, University of Missouri–St. Louis49, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana50, Florida International University51, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden52, Wake Forest University53
TL;DR: The finding that Amazonia is dominated by just 227 tree species implies that most biogeochemical cycling in the world’s largest tropical forest is performed by a tiny sliver of its diversity.
Abstract: The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species—less diverse than the North American tree flora—accounts for half of the world’s most diverse tree community.
963 citations
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University College Dublin1, Massachusetts Institute of Technology2, Broad Institute3, University of Aveiro4, University of Aberdeen5, Boston University6, University of Minnesota7, Duke University8, Imperial College London9, Stanford University10, University of Exeter11, Leibniz Association12, University of Amsterdam13, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute14, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign15, Stony Brook University16, Newcastle University17, University of Iowa18, University of Sheffield19, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston20
TL;DR: There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence in Candida albicans species.
Abstract: Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report the genome sequences of six Candida species and compare these and related pathogens and non-pathogens. There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts are homozygous in three diploid species, possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components of the mating and meiosis pathways are missing from several species. These include major differences at the mating-type loci (MTL); Lodderomyces elongisporus lacks MTL, and components of the a1/2 cell identity determinant were lost in other species, raising questions about how mating and cell types are controlled. Analysis of the CUG leucine-to-serine genetic-code change reveals that 99% of ancestral CUG codons were erased and new ones arose elsewhere. Lastly, we revise the Candida albicans gene catalogue, identifying many new genes.
956 citations
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University of Exeter1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, University of Oxford3, University of Arizona4, Princeton University5, University of Maryland, College Park6, University of Colorado Boulder7, European Southern Observatory8, Tennessee State University9, California Institute of Technology10, Centre national de la recherche scientifique11
TL;DR: The difference between the planetary radius measured at optical and infrared wavelengths is an effective metric for distinguishing different atmosphere types, so that strong water absorption lines are seen in clear-atmosphere planets and the weakest features are associated with clouds and hazes.
Abstract: Thousands of transiting exoplanets have been discovered, but spectral analysis of their atmospheres has so far been dominated by a small number of exoplanets and data spanning relatively narrow wavelength ranges (such as 1.1-1.7 micrometres). Recent studies show that some hot-Jupiter exoplanets have much weaker water absorption features in their near-infrared spectra than predicted. The low amplitude of water signatures could be explained by very low water abundances, which may be a sign that water was depleted in the protoplanetary disk at the planet's formation location, but it is unclear whether this level of depletion can actually occur. Alternatively, these weak signals could be the result of obscuration by clouds or hazes, as found in some optical spectra. Here we report results from a comparative study of ten hot Jupiters covering the wavelength range 0.3-5 micrometres, which allows us to resolve both the optical scattering and infrared molecular absorption spectroscopically. Our results reveal a diverse group of hot Jupiters that exhibit a continuum from clear to cloudy atmospheres. We find that the difference between the planetary radius measured at optical and infrared wavelengths is an effective metric for distinguishing different atmosphere types. The difference correlates with the spectral strength of water, so that strong water absorption lines are seen in clear-atmosphere planets and the weakest features are associated with clouds and hazes. This result strongly suggests that primordial water depletion during formation is unlikely and that clouds and hazes are the cause of weaker spectral signatures.
955 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors aggregated published meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including 26,488 cases and 83,964 controls of European, east Asian, south Asian and Mexican and Mexican American ancestry.
Abstract: To further understanding of the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility, we aggregated published meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including 26,488 cases and 83,964 controls of European, east Asian, south Asian and Mexican and Mexican American ancestry. We observed a significant excess in the directional consistency of T2D risk alleles across ancestry groups, even at SNPs demonstrating only weak evidence of association. By following up the strongest signals of association from the trans-ethnic meta-analysis in an additional 21,491 cases and 55,647 controls of European ancestry, we identified seven new T2D susceptibility loci. Furthermore, we observed considerable improvements in the fine-mapping resolution of common variant association signals at several T2D susceptibility loci. These observations highlight the benefits of trans-ethnic GWAS for the discovery and characterization of complex trait loci and emphasize an exciting opportunity to extend insight into the genetic architecture and pathogenesis of human diseases across populations of diverse ancestry.
954 citations
Authors
Showing all 16338 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Frank B. Hu | 250 | 1675 | 253464 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Kevin J. Gaston | 150 | 750 | 85635 |
Andrew T. Hattersley | 146 | 768 | 106949 |
Timothy M. Frayling | 133 | 500 | 100344 |
Joel N. Hirschhorn | 133 | 431 | 101061 |
Jonathan D. G. Jones | 129 | 417 | 80908 |
Graeme I. Bell | 127 | 531 | 61011 |
Mark D. Griffiths | 124 | 1238 | 61335 |
Tao Zhang | 123 | 2772 | 83866 |
Brinick Simmons | 122 | 691 | 69350 |
Edzard Ernst | 120 | 1326 | 55266 |
Michael Stumvoll | 119 | 655 | 69891 |
Peter McGuffin | 117 | 624 | 62968 |