Showing papers by "Istanbul University published in 2020"
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TL;DR: Atezolizumab treatment resulted in significantly longer overall survival than platinum-based chemotherapy among patients with NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression, regardless of histologic type.
Abstract: Background The efficacy and safety of the anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody atezolizumab, as compared with those of platinum-based chemotherapy, as first-line trea...
773 citations
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TL;DR: Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists.
Abstract: COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-α agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists.
572 citations
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University of Tübingen1, University of Pavia2, Charité3, University of Leicester4, University of Barcelona5, University of Graz6, Istanbul University7, Paris Diderot University8, University of Birmingham9, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital10, Instituto de Medicina Molecular11, Peking Union Medical College Hospital12, University of Iceland13, University of East Anglia14, University of Oxford15
TL;DR: The recommendations for the management of LVV have been updated to facilitate the translation of current scientific evidence and expert opinion into better management and improved outcome of patients in clinical practice.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Since the publication of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) in 2009, several relevant randomised clinical trials and cohort analyses have been published, which have the potential to change clinical care and therefore supporting the need to update the original recommendations.
METHODS
Using EULAR standardised operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed recommendations, the EULAR task force undertook a systematic literature review and sought opinion from 20 experts from 13 countries. We modified existing recommendations and created new recommendations.
RESULTS
Three overarching principles and 10 recommendations were formulated. We recommend that a suspected diagnosis of LVV should be confirmed by imaging or histology. High dose glucocorticoid therapy (40-60 mg/day prednisone-equivalent) should be initiated immediately for induction of remission in active giant cell arteritis (GCA) or Takayasu arteritis (TAK). We recommend adjunctive therapy in selected patients with GCA (refractory or relapsing disease, presence of an increased risk for glucocorticoid-related adverse events or complications) using tocilizumab. Methotrexate may be used as an alternative. Non-biological glucocorticoid-sparing agents should be given in combination with glucocorticoids in all patients with TAK and biological agents may be used in refractory or relapsing patients. We no longer recommend the routine use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy for treatment of LVV unless it is indicated for other reasons.
CONCLUSIONS
We have updated the recommendations for the management of LVV to facilitate the translation of current scientific evidence and expert opinion into better management and improved outcome of patients in clinical practice.
564 citations
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Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón2, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens3, Monash University4, Charité5, Keio University6, University of Barcelona7, Kanazawa University8, Istanbul Medeniyet University9, Istanbul University10, Samsung Medical Center11, Hungkuang University12, Fudan University13, Hoffmann-La Roche14, Genentech15, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center16
TL;DR: The results of IMvigor130 support the use of atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy as a potential first-line treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and the safety profile of the combination was consistent with that observed with the individual agents.
470 citations
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Institut Gustave Roussy1, Université de Montréal2, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre3, University of British Columbia4, Tulane University5, Huntsman Cancer Institute6, Carlos III Health Institute7, University of Franche-Comté8, University of Bordeaux9, Istanbul University10, AstraZeneca11, Merck & Co.12
TL;DR: Among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had tumors with at least one alteration in BRCA1, BRCa2, or ATM and whose disease had progressed during previous treatment with a next-generation hormonal agent, those who were initially assigned to receive olaparib had a significantly longer duration of overall survival than Those who were assigned to receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone plus prednisone as the control therapy.
Abstract: Background We previously reported that olaparib led to significantly longer imaging-based progression-free survival than the physician’s choice of enzalutamide or abiraterone among men wit...
358 citations
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Sarah Cannon Research Institute1, University of Sydney2, Westmead Hospital3, Kansai Medical University4, Chungbuk National University5, Yonsei University6, Institut Gustave Roussy7, Complutense University of Madrid8, University of Manchester9, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven10, AstraZeneca11, Istanbul University12
TL;DR: In the PACIFIC study as mentioned in this paper, patients were randomized to receive durvalumab, 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, or placebo for up to 12 months.
297 citations
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TL;DR: The capstone papers on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (GBD2019), delayed by a diversion of resources to mapping covid-19, appeared in Lancet on October 17th, with the focus on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) without the usual separately reported estimates of years lived with disability (YLDs).
Abstract: The capstone papers on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (GBD2019), delayed by a diversion of resources to mapping covid-19, appeared in Lancet on October 17th. The accompanying announcement by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) described GBD2019 as “the largest and most comprehensive effort to quantify health loss across places and over time”, including “more than 3.5 billion estimates of ... 369 diseases and injuries ... in 204 countries and territories” [1]. IHME had previously announced its move to a 3-year cycle of major model updates for most non-fatal causes and risk factors (but not causes of death) [2]. Each future GBD round will include a subset of these “in rotation”, while still producing results each year for all causes of death and all non-fatal outcomes. The focus among the capstone papers was therefore on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [3], without the usual separately reported estimates of years lived with disability (YLDs). From a policy perspective (GBD’s main purpose is to inform health policy), this makes complete sense: years of healthy life lost to early mortality are clearly no less important than those lost to disability. But the approach takes away the spotlight from disabling diseases that do not cause early death – such as headache disorders. Nevertheless, headache disorders in 2019 ranked 14th among global causes of DALYs (all ages, both genders) [3]. Seven non-communicable disorders were ranked higher: ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, low back pain, congenital defects and depressive disorders [3]. Among females, headache disorders were tenth, below gynaecological diseases (ninth) but above depressive disorders (11th). Among young adult females (15–49 years), they were second only to gynaecological diseases (note that this was of DALYs, not YLDs). Among young adult men they were tenth, with road injuries, self-harm, interpersonal violence and cirrhosis – all causes of premature mortality – each responsible for more DALYs. What about YLDs? In separate on-line estimates, headache disorders were the cause in 2019 of 46.6 million YLDs globally, 5.4% of total YLDs, with 88.2% of these attributable to migraine [4]. In terms of lost healthy life, that equates to 46.6 million people dying one year early. In the ranked causes of YLDs (all ages, both genders), headache disorders (602.5 per 100, 000 person/years) were third, below low back pain (823.0) and, by a tiny margin, depressive orders (605.7) (Table 1). Among females, gynaecological diseases (second: 764.0) overtook both headache (third: 751.0) and depressive disorders (fourth: 743.7) (Table 1) despite their clearly evident association with female gender. Also clearly evident was the association of headache disorders with age – specifically, with young adulthood. Among females aged 15–49 years, headache disorders (1016.1) were second only to gynaecological diseases (1230.5), with depressive disorders third (890.4). But in all young adults, with gynaecological diseases a factor among only half, headache disorders (813.4) were top cause of YLDs (Table 1). There were variations according to World Bank region and country income level. Headache disorders were third cause of YLDs in East Asia & Pacific and in Middle East
262 citations
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Humboldt University of Berlin1, McMaster University2, National Institutes of Health3, Ghent University Hospital4, University of Amsterdam5, University of Marburg6, Nova Southeastern University7, Transylvania University8, Charité9, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research10, Laval University11, Humanitas University12, University of Cartagena13, University of South Florida14, University of Porto15, Federal University of Bahia16, University of Naples Federico II17, Université Paris-Saclay18, Saint Louis University19, Istanbul University20, Erasmus University Rotterdam21, University of Helsinki22, Odense University Hospital23, University of Crete24, Chiba University25, Wrocław Medical University26, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy27, Hacettepe University28, Medical University of Łódź29, Vilnius University30, National Research Council31, University of Tennessee32, Oslo University Hospital33, University of Beira Interior34, Karolinska Institutet35, University of Cologne36, University of Barcelona37, Russian National Research Medical University38, Monash University39, Ajou University40, Charles University in Prague41, University of Genoa42, Pasteur Institute43, University of Southampton44, University of Edinburgh45, Medical University of Warsaw46, University College London47, Imperial College London48, University of Coimbra49, University of Turku50, University of Bari51, Celal Bayar University52
TL;DR: Next-generation guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis were developed by using existing GRADE-based guidelines forThe disease, real-world evidence provided by mobile technology, and additive studies (allergen chamber studies) to refine the MACVIA algorithm.
Abstract: The selection of pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis aims to control the disease and depends on many factors. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines have considerably improved the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, there is an increasing trend toward use of real-world evidence to inform clinical practice, especially because randomized controlled trials are often limited with regard to the applicability of results. The Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif (MACVIA) algorithm has proposed an allergic rhinitis treatment by a consensus group. This simple algorithm can be used to step up or step down allergic rhinitis treatment. Next-generation guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis were developed by using existing GRADE-based guidelines for the disease, real-world evidence provided by mobile technology, and additive studies (allergen chamber studies) to refine the MACVIA algorithm.
237 citations
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TL;DR: Nitazoxanide and ivermectin were included in this review as they have recently been reported to have an activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and are licensed for the treatment of some other human infections.
Abstract: Currently, there is not any specific effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Although most of the COVID-19 patients have mild or moderate courses, up to 5%–10% can have severe, potentially life threatening course, there is an urgent need for effective drugs. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. There have been more than 300 clinical trials going on, various antiviral and immunomodulating agents are in various stages of evaluation for COVID-19 in those trials and some of them will be published in the next couple of months. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19 through randomized controlled studies, certain agents are being used all over the world based on either in-vitro or extrapolated evidence or observational studies. The most frequently used agents both in Turkey and all over the world including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir and remdesivir will be reviewed here .Nitazoxanide and ivermectin were also included in this review as they have recently been reported to have an activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and are licensed for the treatment of some other human infections.
227 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that as a common non‐respiratory symptom of COVID‐19, headache should not be overlooked, and its characteristics should be recorded with scrutiny.
Abstract: After the emergence of a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized by fever, sore throat, cough, and dyspnea, mainly manifestations of respiratory system. However, other manifestations such as headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of taste and smell were added to the clinical spectrum, during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reports on the neurological findings are increasing rapidly and headache seems to be the leader on the symptom list. Headache was reported in 11%-34% of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but clinical features of these headaches were totally missing in available publications. According to our initial experience, significant features of headache presentation in the symptomatic COVID-19 patients were new-onset, moderate-severe, bilateral headache with pulsating or pressing quality in the temporoparietal, forehead or periorbital region. The most striking features of the headache were sudden to gradual onset and poor response to common analgesics, or high relapse rate, that was limited to the active phase of the COVID-19. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients, around 6%-10%, also reported headache as a presenting symptom. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms of headache include activation of peripheral trigeminal nerve endings by the SARS-CoV-2 directly or through the vasculopathy and/or increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We concluded that as a common non-respiratory symptom of COVID-19, headache should not be overlooked, and its characteristics should be recorded with scrutiny.
197 citations
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TL;DR: Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 10 April 2020, 1,727,602 cases have been confirmed in more than 210 countries, with 105,728 deaths, and the present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was labelled coronav virus disease 19 (COVID-19).
Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals, poultry, and rodents, ranging from mild to severe enteric, respiratory, and systemic disease, and also cause the common cold or pneumonia in humans. Seven coronavirus species are known to cause human infection, 4 of which, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43, typically cause cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. The others namely SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were zoonotic in origin and cause severe respiratory illness and fatalities. On 31 December 2019, the existence of patients with pneumonia of an unknown aetiology was reported to WHO by the national authorities in China. This virus was officially identified by the coronavirus study group as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was labelled coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19’s first cases were seen in Turkey on March 10, 2020 and was number 47,029 cases and 1006 deaths after 1 month. Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 10 April 2020, 1,727,602 cases have been confirmed in more than 210 countries, with 105,728 deaths.
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University of Montpellier1, Technical University of Crete2, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ3, Spanish National Research Council4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Toulouse6, University of Barcelona7, Istanbul University8, Aix-Marseille University9, Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service10, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis11, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas12, Cadi Ayyad University13, Ramon Llull University14, University of Murcia15, Boğaziçi University16, University of Lisbon17, University of Alicante18, École Polytechnique19
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the key issues in research on climate change impacts on droughts, with a specific focus on the Mediterranean region, in order to: i) redefine more meaningful drought metrics tailored to the Mediterranean context, better take into account vegetation and its feedback on dunes, improve the modelling and forecasting of drought events through remote sensing and land surface models, and promote a more integrated vision of dunes taking into account both water availability and water use.
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TL;DR: Findings revealed that health care providers needed more education about SGM issues, and SGM-friendly policies should be created for improving health care for SGM individuals.
Abstract: The present systematic review aimed to determine discrimination experiences of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals and attitudes toward SGM among health care staff in health care settings....
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Ido Didi Fabian1, Ido Didi Fabian2, Elhassan Abdallah3, Shehu U. Abdullahi4 +473 more•Institutions (155)
TL;DR: This cross-sectional analysis reports the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis across the world during a single year, investigates associations between clinical variables and national income level, and investigates risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis.
Abstract: Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
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Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona1, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research2, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust3, St Mary's Hospital4, University of Southampton5, Medical University of Graz6, Carlos III Health Institute7, CEU San Pablo University8, Istanbul Medeniyet University9, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University10, University of Pisa11, Charité12, National Institutes of Health13, Odense University Hospital14, Istanbul University15, University of Padua16, University of Messina17, University of Marburg18, Imperial College London19
TL;DR: This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy to improve the patient's adherence to the treatment.
Abstract: Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.
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University of Health Sciences Antigua1, Mersin University2, Hacettepe University3, Istanbul University4, Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University5, Eskişehir Osmangazi University6, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University7, Sakarya University8, Kocaeli University9, Akdeniz University10, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University11, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University12, İnönü University13, Marmara University14, Yeni Yüzyıl University15, Muğla University16, Uşak University17, Bezmialem Foundation University18, Uludağ University19, Fırat University20, Koç University21, Erciyes University22, Atılım University23, Ankara University24
TL;DR: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3–5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with CKD Stages 3-5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile 1-quartile 3 48-71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: control (n = 450), HD (n = 390), RT (n = 81) and CKD (n = 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/1210 (22.0%). A total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9-45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); 95% CI 23.9-34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD = 99/390 (25.4%; 95% CI 21.3-29.9; P < 0.001) and 63/390 (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0-20.4; P < 0.001); RT = 17/81 (21.0%; 95% CI 13.2-30.8; P = 0.002) and 9/81 (11.1%; 95% CI 5.7-19.5; P = 0.001); and control = 36/450 (8.0%; 95% CI 5.8-10.8; P < 0.001) and 18/450 (4%; 95% CI 2.5-6.2; P < 0.001). Adjusted mortality and adjusted combined outcomes in CKD group and HD groups were significantly higher than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) CKD: 2.88 (1.52-5.44); P = 0.001; 2.44 (1.35-4.40); P = 0.003; HD: 2.32 (1.21-4.46); P = 0.011; 2.25 (1.23-4.12); P = 0.008), respectively], but these were not significantly different in the RT from in the control group [HR (95% CI) 1.89 (0.76-4.72); P = 0.169; 1.87 (0.81-4.28); P = 0.138, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3-5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages 3-5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small sample size of the RT patients in this study.
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University of California, Santa Barbara1, University of Texas at Austin2, Dresden University of Technology3, University of Wrocław4, Opole University5, University of Tartu6, Gulu University7, Middle East University8, Stockholm University9, University of the Punjab10, University of Nigeria, Nsukka11, Istanbul University12, Franklin & Marshall College13, Norwegian University of Science and Technology14, University of Algiers15, Australian National University16, Russian State University for the Humanities17, Russian Academy of Sciences18, İzmir University of Economics19, University of Social Sciences and Humanities20, Université catholique de Louvain21, Ankara University22, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru23, Cumhuriyet University24, University of the Republic25, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon26, The Chinese University of Hong Kong27, National Autonomous University of Mexico28, University of Pécs29, University of Maribor30, University of Zagreb31, University of Malaya32, Central University of Finance and Economics33, University of Crete34, University of Primorska35, University of Amsterdam36, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart37, VU University Amsterdam38, University of Granada39, University of Delhi40, University of Havana41, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro42, University of Vienna43, Universiti Utara Malaysia44, Vilnius University45, University of British Columbia46, Centre national de la recherche scientifique47, Romanian Academy48, Slovak Academy of Sciences49, Comenius University in Bratislava50, University of Monterrey51, DHA Suffa University52, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile53, South-West University "Neofit Rilski"54, University of São Paulo55, Kyung Hee University56, University of Ljubljana57
TL;DR: Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), this work attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives, finding neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
Abstract: Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
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Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research1, Medical University of Łódź2, Transylvania University3, University of Zurich4, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia5, Boston Children's Hospital6, University of Toronto7, Medical University of Białystok8, Technische Universität München9, Medical University of Warsaw10, Medical University of Vienna11, Charles University in Prague12, Spanish National Research Council13, McMaster University14, Wrocław Medical University15, Utrecht University16, Vrije Universiteit Brussel17, University College Cork18, Stanford University19, Istanbul University20, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna21, Complutense University of Madrid22, University of Edinburgh23
TL;DR: The differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease are characterized and the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements are highlighted to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies.
Abstract: With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID-19 Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID-19 studies
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TL;DR: In this article, a measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel is presented, based on 35.9 fb − 1 of proton-proton collision data collected during the 2016 LHC running period, with the CMS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between cryptocurrencies and COVID-19 cases/deaths and found that there is a negative relationship between Bitcoin and the number of reported cases and deaths.
Abstract: We examine the relationship between cryptocurrencies (namely Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Ripple (XRP)) and COVID-19 cases/deaths. This will help explore whether cryptocurrencies can serve as a hedge against COVID-19. The wavelet coherence analysis indicates that there is initially a negative relationship between Bitcoin and the number of reported cases and deaths; however, the relationship becomes positive during the later period. The findings for Ethereum and Ripple are also similar but with weaker interactions. This supports the hedging role of cryptocurrencies against the uncertainty raised by COVID-19.
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TL;DR: Bilateral, long-lasting headaches, resistance to analgesics and having male gender were more frequent in people with CO VID-19 in conjunction with anosmia/ageusia and gastrointestinal complaints, which may be helpful for diagnosing the headache related to COVID-19 during the pandemic.
Abstract: Headache is the most common COVID-19-related neurological symptom. We aimed to reveal diagnostic clues of headache for COVID-19 infection and to investigate the course of primary headaches during the pandemic. We developed a detailed web-based questionnaire screening the characteristics and course of headaches besides clinical COVID-19 features. The participants were grouped according to being diagnosed with COVID-19 infection or not, and having previous or new-onset headaches. The COVID-19 related headache features and their associations with other clinical features were investigated. A binary logistic regression model was performed to differentiate the characteristics of headache related to COVID-19. A total of 3458 participants (2341 females;67.7%, 1495 healthcare workers;43.2%) with a mean age of 43.21 ± 11.2 years contributed to the survey. Among them, 262 participants had COVID-19 diagnosis and 126 (48.1%) were male. The rate of males in the group without COVID-19 was 31% (991 out of 3196 participants) showing significant gender difference between groups (p < 0.000). COVID-19 related headaches were more closely associated with anosmia/ageusia and gastrointestinal complaints (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000), and showed different characteristics like pulsating, pressing, and even stabbing quality. Logistic regression analyses showed that bilateral headache, duration over 72 h, analgesic resistance and having male gender were significant variables to differentiate COVID-19 positive patients from those without COVID-19 (p = 0.04 for long duration and p < 0.000 for others). A worsening of previous primary headaches due to the pandemic-related problems was not reported in the majority of patients. Bilateral, long-lasting headaches, resistance to analgesics and having male gender were more frequent in people with COVID-19 in conjunction with anosmia/ageusia and gastrointestinal complaints. These features may be helpful for diagnosing the headache related to COVID-19 during the pandemic.
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Francis Crick Institute1, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich2, Queen Mary University of London3, University College Dublin4, University of Porto5, Swedish Museum of Natural History6, University of Oxford7, University of Liverpool8, Liverpool John Moores University9, University of Aberdeen10, National Museum of Natural History11, Stockholm University12, University of Gothenburg13, Harvard University14, Hartwick College15, Russian Academy of Sciences16, University of Tehran17, University of Haifa18, Irkutsk State University19, University of Belgrade20, North-Eastern Federal University21, Sapienza University of Rome22, Baylor University23, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences24, University of Copenhagen25, Lundbeck26, Leiden University27, Hebrew University of Jerusalem28, Tomsk State University29, University of Alberta30, Centre national de la recherche scientifique31, Istanbul University32, University of York33, University College London34, Durham University35, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports36, University of Thessaly37, University of the Basque Country38, Pennsylvania State University39, Texas A&M University40, University of Vienna41
TL;DR: It is found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow.
Abstract: Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
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TL;DR: Urinary tract infections create clinical and economic burdens on healthcare systems, and they also affect quality of life determinants, and the majority of them are catheter-related UTIs.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most frequent infections in clinical practice worldwide. Their frequency and burden must be higher than available data suggest because they are not among mandatory diseases to be notified. Although there are many different proposals for classifying UTIs, classifications based on acquisition settings and complication status are more widely used. These include community- acquired UTIs (CAUTIs) or healthcare-associated UTIs (HAUTIs) and uncomplicated or complicated UTIs. As the most frequently seen infectious disease, CAUTIs affect more than 150 million people annually. Complicated UTIs in particular constitute a huge burden on healthcare systems as a frequent reason for hospitalization. The prevalence of HAUTIs ranges between 1.4% and 5.1%, and the majority of them are catheter-related UTIs. Community-onset HAUTIs have gained importance in recent years. As frequent infectious diseases, UTIs create clinical and economic burdens on healthcare systems, and they also affect quality of life determinants.
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TL;DR: It is found that pandemic decreases tourist arrivals only for low-income economies, and the paper is the first to use newly developed “Discussion about Pandemics Index”.
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TL;DR: PFS benefit with durvalumab was observed across all subgroups, and OS benefit across all but TC <1%, for which limitations and wide HR CI preclude robust conclusions.
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TL;DR: Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive (CY-BOCS) and Clinical Global Impression- Severity (CGI-S) Scales were used to rate symptom profile and severity before pandemic and during pandemic periods and young subjects with OCD may develop additional symptoms and worsen already existing symptoms of OCD during COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic and related home confinement on symptom profile, symptom severity and exacerbation of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and related factors among young subjects with OCD. Method Young subjects who have been followed up with a primary diagnosis of OCD in a university hospital were reached by telephone or online programs to assess symptom profile, symptom severity and exacerbation during pandemic. Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive (CY-BOCS) and Clinical Global Impression- Severity (CGI-S) Scales were used to rate symptom profile and severity before pandemic and during pandemic periods. Results There was a significant increase in the frequency of contamination obsessions (p=0.008) and cleaning/washing compulsions (p=0.039) during pandemic period. CY-BOCS obsessions (p Conclusions Young subjects with OCD may develop additional symptoms and worsen already existing symptoms of OCD during COVID-19 pandemic.
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TL;DR: Gastric 100 did not demonstrate superior OS with avelumab maintenance versus continued chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC or GEJC overall or in a prespecified PD-L1–positive population.
Abstract: PURPOSEThe role of maintenance therapy for gastric (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC) is unclear. We investigated avelumab (anti–programmed death ligand-1 [PD-L1]) maintenance after fi...
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TL;DR: Early gestational age at infection, maternal ventilatory supports and low birthweight are the main determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with maternal COVID-19 infection.
Abstract: Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6±9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; p<0.001), birthweight (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.12.7 per 100 g decrease; p=0.012) and maternal ventilatory support, including either need for oxygen or CPAP (OR: 4.12, 95% CI 2.3-7.9; p=0.001) were independently associated with composite adverse fetal outcome. Conclusions Early gestational age at infection, maternal ventilatory supports and low birthweight are the main determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with maternal COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the risk of vertical transmission seems negligible.
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Royal Children's Hospital1, University of Toronto2, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital3, University of Colorado Boulder4, University of Birmingham5, Seattle Children's6, University of California, San Francisco7, Boston Children's Hospital8, University of Tübingen9, Brigham and Women's Hospital10, University of Milano-Bicocca11, Istanbul University12, Mohammed V University13, King's College London14, UCL Institute of Child Health15
TL;DR: This Special Report aims to summarize general principles for continuing multidisciplinary care during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the measures taken to contain it, and how to prepare for the anticipated recovery period.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global challenges to delivering affordable and equitable treatment to children with cancer we have witnessed in the last few decades. This Special Report aims to summarize general principles for continuing multidisciplinary care during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. With contributions from the leadership of the International Society for Pediatric Oncology (SIOP), Children's Oncology Group (COG), St Jude Global program, and Childhood Cancer International, we have sought to provide a framework for healthcare teams caring for children with cancer during the pandemic. We anticipate the burden will fall particularly heavily on children, their families, and cancer services in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we have brought together the relevant clinical leads from SIOP Europe, COG, and SIOP-PODC (Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries) to focus on the six most curable cancers that are part of the WHO Global Initiative in Childhood Cancer. We provide some practical advice for adapting diagnostic and treatment protocols for children with cancer during the pandemic, the measures taken to contain it (e.g., extreme social distancing), and how to prepare for the anticipated recovery period.
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TL;DR: In this article, metakaolin-based geopolymer samples produced by substitution of silica fume and colemanite waste up to 20% were subjected to high-temperature effects at 300, 600, 900 °C, the wetting-drying effect of 5, 15 and 25 cycles and freezing-thawing effect of 56 and 300 cycles.