Military Academy

About: Military Academy is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2478 authors who have published 3003 publications receiving 33188 citations.

Conducting Polymer Hydrogels and Their Applications

Abstract: The industrial demand for novel and smart materials as well as the urge for basic understanding has led to a notable improvement in the area of polymer science. Recently, significant consideration has been given to the modifications of biodegradable hydrogels based on natural polymers with conducting polymers (CPs), because this extends a straightforward process to couple the better features of CPs with the highly cross-linked hydrogels. The final hydrogels have been developed to change mainly electrical and structural properties to a larger degree. Herein, we present a comprehensive survey of the existing and current literature on conducting hydrogels based on natural polymers. This chapter also highlights ample of methods used to synthesize conducting hydrogel, properties, and characterization techniques. Conducting hydrogels have been used in the removal of dyes from wastewater, drug delivery, fuel cells, supercapacitors, dye-sensitized solar cells, rechargeable lithium batteries, etc. All these justify the rising interest in both academia and industrial development. In this analysis, an overview of potential applications of these conducting hydrogels and current challenges in the field are discussed; some new and futuristic advances in this captivating area are also provided.

High frequency of concomitant nm23-H1 and E-cadherin transcriptional inactivation in primary non-inheriting colorectal carcinomas

Abstract: This study evaluated the added significance of nm23-H1 to that of E-cadherin in determining metastatic proclivity in primary sporadic colorectal carcinomas (SCRCs). A clinical cohort of 52 SCRCs was examined for the significance of nm23-H1 and E-cadherin mRNA levels and E-cadherin protein expression levels into the progression of colorectal tumor invasion, determined by their relevance compared with conventional biological markers. A more than twofold decreased expression of nm23-H1 mRNA was reported in 28/52 (54%) of the carcinomas and was positively associated with the presence of nodal metastases and Astler-Coller stages B1 and B2 in 29% and 35% of the SCRCs, respectively. Reduced expression of E-cadherin mRNA was reported in 38.5% of the carcinomas and was similarly associated with stages Astler-Coller B1 and B2 in 27% of the SCRCs. Decreased E-cadherin immunohistochemical expression (grades II and III) was observed in 67% of the samples. E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression were significantly related to each other. The nm23-H1 (+)/E-cadherin (+) coexpression profile was observed in 31% and was significantly related to the absence of lymph node metastases in 31% and stages Astler-Coller B1 and B2 in 29% of the carcinomas examined. Furthermore, the nm23-H1 (−)/E-cadherin (+) coexpression profile was coupled to decreased E-cadherin immunohistochemical protein detection (grade II) in 21% of the cases examined. These findings suggest that impairment of nm23-H1 expression is an early event into the progression of colorectal metastasis that precedes E-cadherin transcriptional silencing in the majority of SCRCs examined. Nm23-H1 may therefore play an important role in suppressing the early steps of metastasis in sporadic cases of colorectal carcinomas.

Problem-based learning in formal and informal learning environments

Abstract: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered instructional strategy in which students solve problems and reflect on their experiences. Different domains need different approaches in the design of PBL systems. Therefore, we present one case study in this article: A Java Programming PBL. The application is developed as an additional module for the Learning Management System (LMS). This way the LMS is extended by PBL functionality and the LMS learning resources can be used in PBL.