University of Hawaii at Manoa

About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.

Chronic social stress reduces dendritic arbors in CA3 of hippocampus and decreases binding to serotonin transporter sites.

Abstract: Male rats housed in mixed-sex groups in a visible burrow system (VBS) form a dominance hierarchy in which subordinate animals show stress-related changes in behavior, endocrine function and neurochemistry. Dominants also appear to be moderately stressed compared to controls, although these animals do not develop the more pronounced behavioral and physiological deficits seen in the subordinates. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic psychosocial stress on the morphology of Golgi-impregnated CA3 pyramidal neurons. In addition, since serotonin has been implicated in the mechanisms mediating the dendritic remodeling seen with other chronic stress regimens, we used quantitative autoradiography to measure binding to the serotonin transporter (5HTT) in hippocampus and dorsal and median raphe. Chronic social stress led to a decrease in the number of branch points and total dendritic length in the apical dendritic trees of CA3 pyramidal neurons in dominant animals compared to unstressed controls; subordinates also had a decreased number of dendritic branch points. [(3)H]paroxetine binding to the 5HTT was decreased in Ammon's horn in both dominants and subordinates compared to controls, while 5HTT binding remained unchanged in dentate gyrus and raphe. The similarity of the changes in 5HTT binding and dendritic arborization between both groups of VBS animals, despite apparent differences in stressor severity, suggests that these changes may be part of the normal adaptive response to chronic social stress. The mechanisms underlying dendritic remodeling in CA3 pyramidal neurons are likely to involve stress-induced changes in glucocorticoids and in 5HT and other transmitters.

Taking industry seriously in information systems research

Abstract: In this essay, we argue that industry receives little attention in information systems research and theory, despite its increasingly important influence on IS activities. This is evident both in the narrow range of industries examined in IS research and the infrequent consideration of industry in theory. We base these observations on an analysis of IS publications in two top-tier journals (MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research) over eight years. Drawing from institutional theory, we consider various ways industry can be addressed and assess how industry influences IS activities. We conclude that industry provides an important contextual "space" to build new IS theory and to evaluate the boundaries of existing IS theory. We outline a range of strategies for incorporating industry into IS research.

The South Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 Simulations

Abstract: In this paper the extensive integrations produced for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are used to examine the relationship between ENSO and monsoons at interannual and decadal time scales. The study begins with an analysis of the monsoon simulation in the twentieth-century integrations. Six of the 18 models were found to have a reasonably realistic representation of monsoon precipitation climatology. For each of these six models SST and anomalous precipitation evolution along the equatorial Pacific during El Nino events display considerable differences when compared to observations. Out of these six models only four [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model versions 2.0 and 2.1 (GFDL_CM_2.0 and GFDL_CM_2.1), Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) model, and Max Planck Institute ECHAM5 (MPI_ECHAM5)] exhibit a robust ENSO–monsoon contemporaneous teleconnection, including the known inverse relationship between ENSO and rainfall variatio...

Past and Future Use of Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding

Abstract: Wild species related to agricultural crops (crop wild relatives, or CWR) can increase the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems around the world. They represent a large pool of genetic diversity from which to draw new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Crop wild relatives have been extremely valuable in adapting crop varieties to changing disease pressures, farming practices, market demands, and climatic conditions. Unfortunately, CWR are a threatened resource and measures need to be taken to protect them, both in the wild and in genebanks. Here, we review how wild species have contributed to the development of improved crop varieties and where efforts must be concentrated to harness their value in the future. Drawing on the results of an extensive literature search, a series of 14 expert consultation meetings, and in-depth interview with experts on 24 crops, we document the role that CWR play in modern crop breeding. We discuss (i) their past and current use, (ii) advanced breeding methods and technologies that promise to facilitate the continued use of CWR, and (iii) what constraints continue to hinder increased use of CWR in breeding. H. Dempewolf, B. Kilian, and L. Guarino, Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany; H. Dempewolf, and G. Baute, Univ. of British Columbia, Dep. of Botany, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC Canada; J. Anderson, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Dep. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; C. Smith, Univ. of Waterloo, Dep. of Environment and Resource Studies, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Received 15 Oct. 2016. Accepted 15 Dec. 2016. *Corresponding author (hannes.dempewolf@croptrust.org). Assigned to Associate Editor Stella Kantartzi. Abbreviations: CSSL, chromosome segment substitution line; CWR, crop wild relative; MAS, marker-assisted selection; QTL, quantitative trait locus; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; WGS, wholegenome shotgun sequence. Published in Crop Sci. 57:1070–1082 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0885 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published June 16, 2017