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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Is Alzheimer's disease a Type 3 Diabetes? A critical appraisal.

TLDR
Significant shared mechanisms between AD and diabetes are discussed and therapeutic avenues for diabetes and AD are provided and the effects of insulin in the pathology of AD through cellular and molecular mechanisms are provided.
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This article is published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.The article was published on 2017-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 376 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Insulin resistance & Insulin.

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Assessment of the Phenolic Profiles, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Molecular Mechanism of Different Highland Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties.

TL;DR: Highland barley phenolics could inhibit gluconeogenesis and motivate glycogen synthesis via down-regulating the gene expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), while activating the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase
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Gut microbiota in dementia. Critical review of novel findings and their potential application.

TL;DR: Taking advantage of the metabolic effects of cold exposure on organisms by the introduction of whole-body cryostimulation in dementia patients could lead to alterations in gut microbiota and, therefore, decrease of an inflammatory response and insulin resistance, which remain one of the critical metabolic features of dementia.
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The Implication of the Brain Insulin Receptor in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.

TL;DR: The existing evidence supporting the concept that brain insulin resistance and altered glucose metabolism play an important role in pathogenesis of LOAD is discussed, and treatment approaches targeting insulin signalling using anti-diabetic drugs and mTOR inhibitors are discussed.
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Etiology of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: Exploring the mitochondria.

TL;DR: It is posited that mitochondrial dysfunction lies at the root of the affected processes rather than alongside them as a co-pathology, and the role that mitochondria dysfunction plays in the shared pathophysiology.
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Effects of Propolis Extract and Propolis-Derived Compounds on Obesity and Diabetes: Knowledge from Cellular and Animal Models.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence suggests that propolis extracts have therapeutic effects on obesity by controlling adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, food intake, and energy expenditure and that propoli treatment may mitigate diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Akt Promotes Cell Survival by Phosphorylating and Inhibiting a Forkhead Transcription Factor

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Akt also regulates the activity of FKHRL1, a member of the Forkhead family of transcription factors, which triggers apoptosis most likely by inducing the expression of genes that are critical for cell death, such as the Fas ligand gene.
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Akt Phosphorylation of BAD Couples Survival Signals to the Cell-Intrinsic Death Machinery

TL;DR: It is shown that growth factor activation of the PI3'K/Akt signaling pathway culminates in the phosphorylation of the BCL-2 family member BAD, thereby suppressing apoptosis and promoting cell survival.
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Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Aβ1–42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that impaired synaptic plasticity and associated memory dysfunction during early stage Alzheimer's disease and severe cellular degeneration and dementia during end stage could be caused by the biphasic impact of Abeta-derived diffusible ligands acting upon particular neural signal transduction pathways.
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Interleukin-3-Induced Phosphorylation of BAD Through the Protein Kinase Akt

TL;DR: The proapoptotic function of BAD is regulated by the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway, and active, but not inactive, forms of Akt were found to phosphorylate BAD in vivo and in vitro at the same residues that are phosphorylated in response to IL-3.
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Synthesis and Function of 3-Phosphorylated Inositol Lipids

TL;DR: This review is focused on the 3-phosphoinositide lipids, the synthesis of which is acutely triggered by extracellular stimuli, the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and metabolism, and their cell biological roles.
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