Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source
TLDR
This review summarized the current knowledge on the application of EVs as DDS from the perspective of different cell origin and weighted the advantages and bottlenecks of EV-based DDS.Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules from their parent cells, EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication and thus play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to their natural biogenesis process, EVs are generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, and limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic delivery vehicles. EVs have been reported to be used for the delivery of siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, and CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of various diseases. As a natural drug delivery vectors, EVs can penetrate into the tissues and be bioengineered to enhance the targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal for drug delivery, EV-based drug delivery remains challenging, due to lack of standardized isolation and purification methods, limited drug loading efficiency, and insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the application of EVs as DDS from the perspective of different cell origin and weighted the advantages and bottlenecks of EV-based DDS.read more
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Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform.
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Exosomes: Small vesicles with big roles in cancer, vaccine development, and therapeutics
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Extracellular vesicles enhance the targeted delivery of immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus and paclitaxel in immunocompetent mice.
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TL;DR: The findings strongly support the systemic administration of EVs formulations with OVs alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents as a novel strategy aimed at treating primary and metastatic cancers.
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TL;DR: The use of sipuleucel-T prolonged overall survival among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and immune responses to the immunizing antigen were observed in patients who received sipuleUcel- T.
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Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers.
TL;DR: For further successful development of this field, promising trends must be identified and exploited, albeit with a clear understanding of the limitations of these approaches.
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