University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

About: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a education organization based out in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gravitational wave. The organization has 11839 authors who have published 28034 publications receiving 936438 citations. The organization is also known as: UWM & University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Occurrence and Mechanisms of Microbial Oxidation of Manganese

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses occurrence and mechanisms of microbial oxidation of Manganese It examines the biogeochemistry and microbiology of manganese The chapter focuses on two aspects of the field in which recent progress has been made: field studies of Mn(II) oxidation, including newly developed methods for measuring rates of Mn(II) oxidation and a (2) synopsis of some of the field data that unequivocally establishes the importance of microbes in Mn(II) oxidation in natural systems The chapter also presents a brief synopsis of some of the field data that unequivocally establishes the importance of microbes in Mn(II) oxidation in natural systems Finally, the chapter discusses the recent physiological, structural, and biochemical studies of microbial manganese oxidation In this context, it presents an overview of the chemistry and biology of manganese, which must be understood in order to properly appreciates the field and laboratory studies

Breeding Dates and Reproductive Performance

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter examines how temperature and climate change affect reproductive performance in different species and locations. There are several ways in which the correlation between laying date and temperature may arise. First, there may be a direct effect of temperature on the energetic demands of females that influences their timing of laying. Second, temperature may influence the growth of gonads, which could indirectly affect the timing of laying. Precipitation could have a similar effect, as the growth of spotted antbird testes and follicles in Panama is slower in a dry year. In any case, there are likely several direct and indirect relationships between food, temperature and gonadal development. Temperature may also influence food availability, particularly insects, which, in turn, may limit the ability of females to produce eggs. Warmer temperature is expected to lead to greater production of young, because laying earlier is often associated with larger clutch size and more young fledged. However, recent evidence from great tits (Parus major) suggests that warmer spring temperature can lead to a mismatch in the timing of egg-laying relative to the availability of food for nestlings, and, as a consequence, earlier laying females may produce fewer surviving young birds. Thus, it is important to examine the effects of climate change on all aspects of reproduction, not just laying date. In particular, changes in clutch size are likely to have a major impact on fitness, as it places an upper limit on total reproductive success for a given brood.

From superhydrophobicity to icephobicity: forces and interaction analysis

Abstract: The term “icephobicity” has emerged in the literature recently. An extensive discussion took place on whether the icephobicity is related to the superhydrophobicity and the consensus is that there is no direct correlation. Besides the parallel between the icephobicity and superhydrophobicity for water/ice repellency, there are similarities on other levels including the hydrophobic effect/hydrophobic interactions, mechanisms of protein folding and ice crystal formation. In this paper, we report how ice adhesion is different from water using force balance analysis and why superhydrophobic surfaces are not necessary icephobic. We also present experimental data on anti-icing of various surfaces and suggest a definition of icephobicity, which is broad enough to cover a variety of situations relevant to de-icing including low adhesion strength and delayed ice crystallization and bouncing.

Fundamental transmitting properties of carbon nanotube antennas

Abstract: P.J. Burke et al. (see http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0408418) considered carbon nanotube dipole antennas based on a transmission-line model. This paper investigates fundamental properties of dipole antennas formed by carbon nanotubes using a Halle/spl acute/n's-type integral equation. The input impedance, radiation pattern, and current profiles are presented and compared to those of ordinary metallic antennas of the same size and shape. Possible applications of carbon nanotube antennas are discussed. The carbon nanotube is accounted for using a semi-classical conductivity derived explicitly for infinite carbon nanotubes (Maksimenko, S.A. et al., Phys. Rev. B, vol.60, p.17136-49, 1999). At the frequencies of interest, this semi-classical conductivity is equivalent to the more rigorous (and complicated) quantum mechanical conductivity also derived by Maksimenko et al. Thus, the integral equation method utilized can be considered as a semi-classical technique, since the quantum-mechanical nature of the CN conductivity is accounted for, yet the classical Maxwell's equations are used. This formulation should be accurate through THz frequencies.