University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

About: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a education organization based out in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gravitational wave. The organization has 11839 authors who have published 28034 publications receiving 936438 citations. The organization is also known as: UWM & University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Emerging energy and environmental applications of vertically-oriented graphenes.

Abstract: Graphene nanosheets arranged perpendicularly to the substrate surface, i.e., vertically-oriented graphenes (VGs), have many unique morphological and structural features that can lead to exciting properties. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition enables the growth of VGs on various substrates using gas, liquid, or solid precursors. Compared with conventional randomly-oriented graphenes, VGs' vertical orientation on the substrate, non-agglomerated morphology, controlled inter-sheet connectivity, as well as sharp and exposed edges make them very promising for a variety of applications. The focus of this tutorial review is on plasma-enabled simple yet efficient synthesis of VGs and their properties that lead to emerging energy and environmental applications, ranging from energy storage, energy conversion, sensing, to green corona discharges for pollution control.

Effects of muscimol applied to the basolateral amygdala on acquisition and expression of contextual fear conditioning in rats.

Abstract: The amygdala is known to be important for normal aversive Pavlovian learning in the rat. The relative contribution of the amygdala to the learning vs. performance of conditional fear with the GABAa agonist muscimol was assessed. Rats were prepared with cannulas aimed at the basolateral amygdala and trained in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in which each subject received a series of footshocks in a distinctive observation chamber. Conditional responses evoked after exposure to the observation chamber were assessed 24 hr later. Rats that were pretreated with muscimol before performance showed a significantly attenuated fear response, and injections made before acquisition resulted in a much smaller decrement in conditional fear measured 24 hr after training. These results indicate that acquisition-related processes that may be occurring within the amygdala are more difficult to disrupt than those associated with performance.

Langrangian Perturbation Theory of Nonrelativistic Fluids

Abstract: In this paper the conventional description of adiabatic perturbations of stationary fluids in terms of a Lagrangian displacement is reexamined, to take account of certain difficulties that have been overlooked in other treatments. A class of displacements: called trivials: that leave the physical variables unchanged is identified; these define ''gauge'' transformations of the initial data in the Lagrangian picture. The conserved canonical energy E/sub c/ (Hamiltonian) and angular momentum J/sub c/ (in the case of axisymmetric unperturbed fluids) associated with the dynamical equations are shown not to be invariant under these gauge transformations. Since E/sub c/ has formed the basis of previous criteria for secular stability of stars, it is necessary to eliminate the gauge freedom in order to regain a meaningful criterion. To this end a conserved inner product (the symplectic structure) is introduced and used to define a dynamically invariant class of ''canonical'' displacements orthogonal to the trivials. In general, canonical displacements obey the extra restriction that the Lagrangian change in rho/sup -/1delsxdel x V vanish; in fluids with uniform entropy s they obey the more restrictive condition that the Lagrangian change in rho/sup -/1del x V vanish. Restricting consideration to canonical displacements guarantees that E/sub c/ andmore » J/sub c/ will be invariant under any residual gauge freedom. For nonaxisymmetric perturbations of axisymmetric fluids, to every physical perturbation corresponds a unique canonical displacement.In an appendix the relationship between E/sub c/ and J/sub c/ and the (gauge-invariant) second-order changes in the total energy and angular momentum of the fluid is derived. Another appendix, dealing with uniformly rotating fluids, reexpresses the gauge-invariant combination E/sub c/-..cap omega..J/sub c/ in terms of Eulerian changes in the fluid variables. A subsequent paper applies these results to the study of secular instability in stars.« less