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Design strategies and application progress of therapeutic exosomes.

Chunying Liu, +1 more
- 30 Jan 2019 - 
- Vol. 9, Iss: 4, pp 1015-1028
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TLDR
The methods for loading specific treating molecules (proteins, nucleic acids and small chemicals) into exosomes, the design strategies for cell and tissue targeting, and the factors for exosome formation are discussed.
Abstract
Exosomes have great potential to be drug delivery vehicles due to their natural material transportation properties, intrinsic long-term circulatory capability, and excellent biocompatibility, which are suitable for delivering a variety of chemicals, proteins, nucleic acids, and gene therapeutic agents. However, an effective method of loading specific protein agents into exosomes for absorption by target cells is still lacking. The application potential of exosome is still limited. In this review, we discussed the methods for loading specific treating molecules (proteins, nucleic acids and small chemicals) into exosomes, the design strategies for cell and tissue targeting, and the factors for exosome formation. This review can be used as a reference for further research as well as for the development of therapeutic exosomes.

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Citations
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Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics.

TL;DR: A panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques is provided, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosomes isolation from various types of biological matrices.
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A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?

TL;DR: It is argued that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise.
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Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

TL;DR: This review gives an overview of EV-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy and finds them promising for drug delivery applications.
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MiR-199a-modified exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve hepatocellular carcinoma chemosensitivity through mTOR pathway

TL;DR: AMSC-Exo- 199a can be an effective vehicle for miR-199a delivery, and they effectively sensitized HCC to chemotherapeutic agents by targeting mTOR pathway and subsequently inhibiting the m TOR pathway.
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Emerging Prospects of Exosomes for Cancer Treatment: From Conventional Therapy to Immunotherapy

TL;DR: The advantages of exosomes for treating cancer and the challenges that must be overcome for their successful clinical development are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells

TL;DR: It is shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location, and it is proposed that this RNA is called “exosomal shuttle RNA” (esRNA).
Journal ArticleDOI

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Cell Culture Supernatants and Biological Fluids

TL;DR: This unit describes different approaches for exosome purification from various sources, and discusses methods to evaluate the purity and homogeneity of the purified exosomes preparations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function

TL;DR: The physical properties that define exosomes as a specific population of secreted vesicles are described, their biological effects, particularly on the immune system, are summarized, and the potential roles that secretedvesicles could have as intercellular messengers are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles.

TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles

TL;DR: Exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes in the 1980s as discussed by the authors, and their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
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