Journal ArticleDOI
Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells
TLDR
It is shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location, and it is proposed that this RNA is called “exosomal shuttle RNA” (esRNA).Abstract:
Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin released by many cells. These vesicles can mediate communication between cells, facilitating processes such as antigen presentation. Here, we show that exosomes from a mouse and a human mast cell line (MC/9 and HMC-1, respectively), as well as primary bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells, contain RNA. Microarray assessments revealed the presence of mRNA from approximately 1300 genes, many of which are not present in the cytoplasm of the donor cell. In vitro translation proved that the exosome mRNAs were functional. Quality control RNA analysis of total RNA derived from exosomes also revealed presence of small RNAs, including microRNAs. The RNA from mast cell exosomes is transferable to other mouse and human mast cells. After transfer of mouse exosomal RNA to human mast cells, new mouse proteins were found in the recipient cells, indicating that transferred exosomal mRNA can be translated after entering another cell. In summary, we show that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location. We propose that this RNA is called "exosomal shuttle RNA" (esRNA).read more
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The secreted factors responsible for pre-metastatic niche formation: old sayings and new thoughts
TL;DR: This review describes old ideas and presents new insights into the role of tumor and bone marrow-derived microvesicles and exosomes in pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extracellular microRNA: A new source of biomarkers
TL;DR: A brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and function, the identification and potential roles of circulating extracellular miRNAs, and the prospective uses of mi RNAs as clinical biomarkers are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological functions of microRNAs: a review
TL;DR: The diverse roles of miRNAs in disease are discussed, including differentiation and development, metabolism, proliferation, apoptotic cell death, viral infection and tumorgenesis.
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Mesenchymal stem cell secretes microparticles enriched in pre-microRNAs
TL;DR: This study suggests that MSCs could facilitate miRNA-mediated intercellular communication by secreting microparticles enriched for pre-miRNA in a high precursor to mature miRNA ratio.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function
TL;DR: MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and fibrosis are discussed, and the development of powerful cell-derived therapeutics for regenerative medicine is reviewed.
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