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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Sodium-ion batteries: present and future

TLDR
Current research on materials is summarized and discussed and future directions for SIBs are proposed to provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of S IBs.
Abstract
Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alternative energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the best candidate power sources because sodium is widely available and exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs; therefore, SIBs are promising next-generation alternatives. Recently, sodiated layer transition metal oxides, phosphates and organic compounds have been introduced as cathode materials for SIBs. Simultaneously, recent developments have been facilitated by the use of select carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides (or sulfides), and intermetallic and organic compounds as anodes for SIBs. Apart from electrode materials, suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders are equally important for the development of practical SIBs. Despite developments in electrode materials and other components, there remain several challenges, including cell design and electrode balancing, in the application of sodium ion cells. In this article, we summarize and discuss current research on materials and propose future directions for SIBs. This will provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Active Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemistry

TL;DR: The current advances, existing limitations, along with the possible solutions in the pursuit of cathode materials with high voltage, fast kinetics, and long cycling stability are comprehensively covered and evaluated to guide the future design of aqueous ZIBs with a combination of high gravimetric energy density, good reversibility, and a long cycle life.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sodium and Sodium‐Ion Batteries: 50 Years of Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the use of hydrogen as a way of using fuel cells and showed that hydrogen can play a significant role for intermediate time storage of a few hours to several days, and even for intermediate scale capacity energy storage.
Journal ArticleDOI

Research Development on K-Ion Batteries.

TL;DR: This review comprehensively covering the studies on electrochemical materials for KIBs, including electrode and electrolyte materials and a discussion on recent achievements and remaining/emerging issues includes insights into electrode reactions and solid-state ionics and nonaqueous solution chemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI

Present and Future Perspective on Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

TL;DR: In this article, the challenges and recent developments related to rechargeable zinc-ion battery research are presented, as well as recent research trends and directions on electrode materials that can store Zn2+ and electrolytes that can improve the battery performance.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Comparison of Crystal Structures and Electrode Performance between Na2FePO4F and Na2Fe0.5Mn0.5PO4F Synthesized by Solid-State Method for Rechargeable Na-Ion Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, a carbon-coated Na2FePO4F was successfully prepared by a simple solid-state method with ascorbic acid as carbon source, which achieved a discharge capacity of 110 mAh g−1 at a rate of 1/20 C (6.2 mA g− 1).
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The reaction mechanism of FeSb2 as anode for sodium-ion batteries

TL;DR: The irreversible formation of a Fe-rich 'Fe4Sb' alloy and the absence of full desodiation of Sb domains explain the lower than theoretical practical storage capacity of FeSb2.
Journal ArticleDOI

The application of graphene in lithium ion battery electrode materials

TL;DR: A continuous 3D conductive network formed by graphene can effectively improve the electron and ion transportation of the electrode materials, so the addition of graphene can greatly enhance lithium ion battery’s properties and provide better chemical stability, higher electrical conductivity and higher capacity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Carbon-coated magnetite embedded on carbon nanotubes for rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries.

TL;DR: Li and Na cell tests indicate that the carbon-coated Fe3O4 embedded on carbon nanotubes exhibits excellent capacity retention and a good rate capability compared to those of Fe 3O4 and carbon- Co2O4.
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Coated/Sandwiched rGO/CoSx Composites Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks/GO as Advanced Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

TL;DR: The excellent electrical conductivity and porous structure of the CoSx /rGO composites can promote Li(+) transfer and mitigate internal stress during the charge/discharge process, thus significantly improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials.
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