Showing papers by "University of New Mexico published in 2003"
Baylor College of Medicine1, Chinese Academy of Sciences2, Chinese National Human Genome Center3, University of Hong Kong4, The Chinese University of Hong Kong5, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology6, Illumina7, McGill University8, Washington University in St. Louis9, University of California, San Francisco10, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute11, Beijing Normal University12, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido13, Shinshu University14, University of Tsukuba15, Howard University16, University of Ibadan17, Case Western Reserve University18, University of Utah19, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory20, Johns Hopkins University21, University of Oxford22, North Carolina State University23, National Institutes of Health24, Massachusetts Institute of Technology25, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences26, Kyoto University27, Nagasaki University28, Wellcome Trust29, Genome Canada30, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health31, University of Maryland, Baltimore32, Vanderbilt University33, Stanford University34, University of California, Berkeley35, New York University36, University of Oklahoma37, University of New Mexico38, Université de Montréal39, University of California, Los Angeles40, University of Michigan41, University of Wisconsin-Madison42, London School of Economics and Political Science43, Genetic Alliance44, GlaxoSmithKline45, University of Washington46, Harvard University47, University of Chicago48, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center49, University of Tokyo50
TL;DR: The HapMap will allow the discovery of sequence variants that affect common disease, will facilitate development of diagnostic tools, and will enhance the ability to choose targets for therapeutic intervention.
Abstract: The goal of the International HapMap Project is to determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome and to make this information freely available in the public domain. An international consortium is developing a map of these patterns across the genome by determining the genotypes of one million or more sequence variants, their frequencies and the degree of association between them, in DNA samples from populations with ancestry from parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. The HapMap will allow the discovery of sequence variants that affect common disease, will facilitate development of diagnostic tools, and will enhance our ability to choose targets for therapeutic intervention.
5,926 citations
Tohoku University1, University of Alabama2, University of California, Berkeley3, California Institute of Technology4, Drexel University5, Louisiana State University6, University of New Mexico7, Stanford University8, University of Tennessee9, Duke University10, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill11
TL;DR: In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrinos problem except for the "large mixing angle" region are excluded.
Abstract: KamLAND has measured the flux of ν _e’s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer ν _e events than expected from standard assumptions about ν _e propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton·yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse β-decay events to the expected number without ν _e disappearance is 0.611±0.085(stat)±0.041(syst) for ν _e energies >3.4 MeV. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except for the “large mixing angle” region are excluded.
2,108 citations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology1, University of California, Riverside2, University of Oregon3, University of Edinburgh4, Celera Corporation5, Texas A&M University6, University of New Mexico7, University of Colorado Denver8, University of Kansas9, University of Florida10, Hebrew University of Jerusalem11, University of Düsseldorf12, Rockefeller University13, Technische Universität München14, University of Kentucky15, University of Texas at Austin16, J. Craig Venter Institute17, University of California, Berkeley18, University of California, Los Angeles19, Sapienza University of Rome20, Flinders University21, Ohio State University22, University of Arizona23, University of Missouri–Kansas City24, Dartmouth College25, University of Leeds26, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona27, Oregon Health & Science University28
TL;DR: A high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome is reported, suggesting that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related genes.
Abstract: Neurospora crassa is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Here, we
report a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome. The approximately 40-megabase genome encodes about 10,000
protein-coding genes—more than twice as many as in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and only about 25% fewer
than in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the gene set yields insights into unexpected aspects of Neurospora biology
including the identification of genes potentially associated with red light photobiology, genes implicated in secondary metabolism,
and important differences in Ca21 signalling as compared with plants and animals. Neurospora possesses the widest array of
genome defence mechanisms known for any eukaryotic organism, including a process unique to fungi called repeat-induced
point mutation (RIP). Genome analysis suggests that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the
creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related
genes.
1,659 citations
TL;DR: This work reports a low-temperature, environmentally benign, solution-based approach for the preparation of complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures, and the systematic modification of their crystal morphology.
Abstract: Extended and oriented nanostructures are desirable for many applications, but direct fabrication of complex nanostructures with controlled crystalline morphology, orientation and surface architectures remains a significant challenge. Here we report a low-temperature, environmentally benign, solution-based approach for the preparation of complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures, and the systematic modification of their crystal morphology. Using controlled seeded growth and citrate anions that selectively adsorb on ZnO basal planes as the structure-directing agent, we prepared large arrays of oriented ZnO nanorods with controlled aspect ratios, complex film morphologies made of oriented nanocolumns and nanoplates (remarkably similar to biomineral structures in red abalone shells) and complex bilayers showing in situ column-to-rod morphological transitions. The advantages of some of these ZnO structures for photocatalytic decompositions of volatile organic compounds were demonstrated. The novel ZnO nanostructures are expected to have great potential for sensing, catalysis, optical emission, piezoelectric transduction, and actuations.
1,396 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLO) over the 1994-1998 period, including the availability of venture capital in the university area, the commercial orientation of university research and development, intellectual eminence, and university policies.
1,278 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a complete description of the CHOOZ experiment, including the source and detector, the calibration methods and stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo simulation.
Abstract: This final article about the CHOOZ experiment presents a complete description of the $\bar{
u}_e$
source and detector, the calibration methods and stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo simulation. The data analysis, systematic effects and the methods used to reach our conclusions are fully discussed. Some new remarks are presented on the deduction of the confidence limits and on the correct treatment of systematic errors.
898 citations
Book•
12 Dec 2003TL;DR: This thoroughly up-to-date Second Edition of Robot Manipulator Control explicates theoretical and mathematical requisites for controls design and summarizes current techniques in computer simulation and implementation of controllers.
Abstract: Robot Manipulator Control offers a complete survey of control systems for serial-link robot arms and acknowledges how robotic device performance hinges upon a well-developed control system. Containing over 750 essential equations, this thoroughly up-to-date Second Edition, the book explicates theoretical and mathematical requisites for controls design and summarizes current techniques in computer simulation and implementation of controllers. It also addresses procedures and issues in computed-torque, robust, adaptive, neural network, and force control. New chapters relay practical information on commercial robot manipulators and devices and cutting-edge methods in neural network control.
862 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the histone H2B ubiquitylation state is dynamic during transcription, and that the sequence of histone modifications helps to control transcription.
Abstract: Gene activation and repression regulated by acetylation and deacetylation represent a paradigm for the function of histone modifications. We provide evidence that, in contrast, histone H2B monoubiquitylation and its deubiquitylation are both involved in gene activation. Substitution of the H2B ubiquitylation site at Lys 123 (K123) lowered transcription of certain genes regulated by the acetylation complex SAGA. Gene-associated H2B ubiquitylation was transient, increasing early during activation, and then decreasing coincident with significant RNA accumulation. We show that Ubp8, a component of the SAGA acetylation complex, is required for SAGA-mediated deubiquitylation of histone H2B in vitro. Loss of Ubp8 in vivo increased both gene-associated and overall cellular levels of ubiquitylated H2B. Deletion of Ubp8 lowered transcription of SAGA-regulated genes, and the severity of this defect was exacerbated by codeletion of the Gcn5 acetyltransferase within SAGA. In addition, disruption of either ubiquitylation or Ubp8-mediated deubiquitylation of H2B resulted in altered levels of gene-associated H3 Lys 4 methylation and Lys 36 methylation, which have both been linked to transcription. These results suggest that the histone H2B ubiquitylation state is dynamic during transcription, and that the sequence of histone modifications helps to control transcription.
709 citations
TL;DR: Cluster analysis of proportion days abstinent (PDA) revealed 3 groups: high PDA at intake and follow-up (3, 6, 9, 12 months; maintainers); low intake PDA/high follow- up PDA (changers); and low intakePDA/low to moderate follow-ups (stragglers).
Abstract: Client language from a motivational interview (MI) and drug use outcome were investigated. Interview videotapes of 84 drug abusers were coded for frequency and strength of utterances expressing commitment, desire, ability, need, readiness, and reasons to change or maintain their habit. Cluster analysis of proportion days abstinent (PDA) revealed 3 groups: high PDA at intake and follow-up (3, 6, 9, 12 months; maintainers); low intake PDA/high follow-up PDA (changers); and low intake PDA/low to moderate follow-up PDA (stragglers). Distinct group patterns emerged for commitment strength (CS) during MI. Clients dishonest in checklist self-report exhibited CS similar to stragglers. CS for client evaluation of a change plan predicted outcome PDA. CS was predicted by strength of desire, ability, need, and reasons, but more strongly predicted outcome PDA, suggesting CS is a pathway for their influence on behavior.
704 citations
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich2, Yale University3, University of Texas at Austin4, Santa Fe Institute5, National Center for Genome Resources6, University of California, San Diego7, Washington University in St. Louis8, Spanish National Research Council9, North Carolina State University10, Florida State University11, Harvard University12, Michigan State University13, University of Washington14, University of New Mexico15, University of British Columbia16
TL;DR: This work focuses on the first kind of robustness—genetic robustness)—and survey three growing avenues of research: measuring genetic robustness in nature and in the laboratory; understanding the evolution of genetic robusts; and exploring the implications of genetic resilientness for future evolution.
Abstract: Robustness is the invariance of phenotypes in the face of perturbation. The robustness of phenotypes appears at various levels of biological organization, including gene expression, protein folding, metabolic flux, physiological homeostasis, development, and even organismal fitness. The mechanisms underlying robustness are diverse, ranging from thermodynamic stability at the RNA and protein level to behavior at the organismal level. Phenotypes can be robust either against heritable perturbations (e.g., mutations) or nonheritable perturbations (e.g., the weather). Here we primarily focus on the first kind of robustness-genetic robustness-and survey three growing avenues of research: (1) measuring genetic robustness in nature and in the laboratory; (2) understanding the evolution of genetic robustness; and (3) exploring the implications of genetic robustness for future evolution.
681 citations
TL;DR: The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire –12 is a validated and reliable short form that evaluates sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse and predicts PISQ-31 scores.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop the short form of a condition-specific, reliable, validated and self-administered instrument to evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire -12 (PISQ-12) was developed from the data of 99 of 182 women surveyed to create the long form (PISQ-31). An additional 46 patients were recruited for further validation. All subsets regression analysis identified 12 items likely to predict PISQ-31 scores. Short form scores underwent correlation analysis with long form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - 7 (IIQ-7), Sexual History Form -12 (SHF-12) and Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) scores. Test-retest reliability was checked with a subset of 20 patients. All subsets regression analysis with R>0.92 identified 12 items that predicted PISQ-31 scores. Short form scores were highly correlated with long form scores ( R=0.75-0.95). Correlations of the PISQ-12 with SHF-12 ( R=-0.66 and -0.68) and IIQ-7 ( R=-0.38 and -0.54) scores were similar to correlation of the PISQ-31 with these other measures. Reliability was moderate to high, with weighted kappa values from 0.56 to 0.93. PISQ-12 scores were lower in patients with low sexual function as measured on the SHF-12 ( P <0.001), and lower in women with depression as measured on the SQ ( P <0.001). The PISQ-12 is a validated and reliable short form that evaluates sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse and predicts PISQ-31 scores. It is able to distinguish women with poor sexual function as measured on the SHF-12.
TL;DR: The results document the feasibility of implementing a multicomponent program for obesity prevention in elementary schools serving American Indian communities and produce significant positive changes in fat intake and in food- and health-related knowledge and behaviors.
TL;DR: The CATIE schizophrenia trial blends features of efficacy studies and large, simple trials to create a pragmatic trial that will provide extensive information about antipsychotic drug effectiveness over at least 18 months.
Abstract: The National Institute of Mental Health initiated the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) program to evaluate the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in typical settings and populations so that the study results will be maximally useful in routine clinical situations. The CATIE schizophrenia trial blends features of efficacy studies and large, simple trials to create a pragmatic trial that will provide extensive information about antipsychotic drug effectiveness over at least 18 months. The protocol allows for subjects who receive a study drug that is not effective to receive subsequent treatments within the context of the study. Medication dosages are adjusted within a defined range according to clinical judgment. The primary outcome is all-cause treatment discontinuation because it represents an important clinical endpoint that reflects both clinician and patient judgments about efficacy and tolerability. Secondary outcomes include symptoms, side effects, neurocognitive functioning, and cost-effectiveness. Approximately 50 clinical sites across the United States are seeking to enroll a total of 1,500 persons with schizophrenia. Phase 1 is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial comparing treatment with the second generation antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone to perphenazine, a midpotency first generation antipsychotic. If the initially assigned medication is not effective, subjects may choose one of the following phase 2 trials: (1) randomization to open-label clozapine or a double-blinded second generation drug that was available but not assigned in phase 1; or (2) double-blinded randomization to ziprasidone or another second generation drug that was available but not assigned in phase 1. If the phase 2 study drug is discontinued, subjects may enter phase 3, in which clinicians help subjects select an open-label treatment based on individuals' experiences in phases 1 and 2.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed description of various techniques and experimental procedures in manufacturing ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) that can be used as effective biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles as well as fully electroded with embedded electrodes for fuel cells.
Abstract: This paper, the second in a series of four review papers to appear in this journal, presents a detailed description of various techniques and experimental procedures in manufacturing ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) that, if fully developed, can be used as effective biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles as well as fully electroded with embedded electrodes for fuel cells. The performance of IPMCs manufactured by different manufacturing techniques are presented and compared. In particular, a number of issues such as force optimization using the Taguchi design of experiment technique, effects of different cations on electromechanical performance of IPMCs, electrode and particle size and distribution control, manufacturing cost minimization approaches, scaling and three-dimensional (3D) muscle production issues and heterogeneous composites by physical loading techniques are also reviewed and discussed.
TL;DR: A molecular automaton, called MAYA, is described, which encodes a version of the game of tic-tac-toe and interactively competes against a human opponent and cannot be defeated because it implements a perfect strategy.
Abstract: We describe a molecular automaton, called MAYA, which encodes a version of the game of tic-tac-toe and interactively competes against a human opponent. The automaton is a Boolean network of deoxyribozymes that incorporates 23 molecular-scale logic gates and one constitutively active deoxyribozyme arrayed in nine wells (3x3) corresponding to the game board. To make a move, MAYA carries out an analysis of the input oligonucleotide keyed to a particular move by the human opponent and indicates a move by fluorescence signaling in a response well. The cycle of human player input and automaton response continues until there is a draw or a victory for the automaton. The automaton cannot be defeated because it implements a perfect strategy.
TL;DR: The recently measured yeast transcriptional network is analyzed in terms of simplified Boolean network models, with the aim of determining feasible rule structures, given the requirement of stable solutions of the generated Boolean networks.
Abstract: The recently measured yeast transcriptional network is analyzed in terms of simplified Boolean network models, with the aim of determining feasible rule structures, given the requirement of stable solutions of the generated Boolean networks. We find that, for ensembles of generated models, those with canalyzing Boolean rules are remarkably stable, whereas those with random Boolean rules are only marginally stable. Furthermore, substantial parts of the generated networks are frozen, in the sense that they reach the same state, regardless of initial state. Thus, our ensemble approach suggests that the yeast network shows highly ordered dynamics.
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature on the benefits and harms of screening primary care populations to detect undiagnosed dementia concluded that knowledge of dementia at an early stage could improve health outcomes through more effective treatment.
Abstract: This systematic review evaluates the evidence that screening for dementia can alter health outcomes.
TL;DR: In this article, the anisotropy parameter of the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities.
Abstract: The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (eta 2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether physical activity (PA) after diagnosis declined from prediagnosis levels and whether any changes in PA varied by disease stage, adjuvant treatment, patient age, or body mass index (BMI).
Abstract: Background Increased body weight at the time patients are diagnosed with breast carcinoma has been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and reduced survival. Weight gain also is common after diagnosis. Increasing physical activity (PA) after diagnosis may minimize these adverse outcomes. In this population-based study, the authors investigated whether PA levels after diagnosis declined from prediagnosis levels and whether any changes in PA varied by disease stage, adjuvant treatment, patient age, or body mass index (BMI) in 812 patients with incident breast carcinoma (from in situ to Stage IIIa). Methods Types of sports and household activities and their frequency and duration for the year prior to diagnosis and for the month prior to the interview (i.e., 4-12 months postdiagnosis) were assessed during a baseline interview. Results Patients decreased their total PA by an estimated 2.0 hours per week from prediagnosis to postdiagnosis, an 11% decrease (P Conclusions PA levels were reduced significantly after patients were diagnosed with breast carcinoma. Greater decreases in PA observed among heavier patients implied a potential for greater weight gain among women who already were overweight. Randomized, controlled trials are needed to evaluate how PA may improve the prognosis for patients with breast carcinoma.
TL;DR: Buprenorphines and naloxone in combination and buprenorphine alone are safe and reduce the use of opiates and the craving for opiates among opiate-addicted persons who receive these medications in an office-based setting.
Abstract: Background Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone has been proposed, but its efficacy and safety have not been well studied. Methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 326 opiate-addicted persons who were assigned to office-based treatment with sublingual tablets consisting of buprenorphine (16 mg) in combination with naloxone (4 mg), buprenorphine alone (16 mg), or placebo given daily for four weeks. The primary outcome measures were the percentage of urine samples negative for opiates and the subjects' self-reported craving for opiates. Safety data were obtained on 461 opiate-addicted persons who participated in an open-label study of buprenorphine and naloxone (at daily doses of up to 24 mg and 6 mg, respectively) and another 11 persons who received this combination only during the trial. Results The double-blind trial was terminated early because buprenorphine and naloxone in combination and ...
TL;DR: It is shown that the underlying selection pressures, which shaped the standards, are the same and it is not the content of the standards that show evidence of convergence ‐ it is the rules or how the authors construct beauty ideals that have universalities across cultures.
Abstract: Current theoretical and empirical findings suggest that mate preferences are mainly cued on visual, vocal and chemical cues that reveal health including developmental health. Beautiful and irresistible features have evolved numerous times in plants and animals due to sexual selection, and such preferences and beauty standards provide evidence for the claim that human beauty and obsession with bodily beauty are mirrored in analogous traits and tendencies throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. Human beauty standards reflect our evolutionary distant and recent past and emphasize the role of health assessment in mate choice as reflected by analyses of the attractiveness of visual characters of the face and the body, but also of vocal and olfactory signals. Although beauty standards may vary between cultures and between times, we show in this review that the underlying selection pressures, which shaped the standards, are the same. Moreover we show that it is not the content of the standards that show evidence of convergence – it is the rules or how we construct beauty ideals that have universalities across cultures. These findings have implications for medical, social and biological sciences.
TL;DR: Findings identify ManLAM as the M. tuberculosis product responsible for the inhibition of phagosomal maturation, which underlies the tuberculosis pandemic involving 2 billion people.
Abstract: The tubercle bacillus parasitizes macrophages by inhibiting phagosome maturation into the phagolysosome. This phenomenon underlies the tuberculosis pandemic involving 2 billion people. We report here how Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes phagosome maturation arrest. A glycosylated M. tuberculosis phosphatidylinositol [mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM)] interfered with the phagosomal acquisition of the lysosomal cargo and syntaxin 6 from the trans-Golgi network. ManLAM specifically inhibited the pathway dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding effectors. These findings identify ManLAM as the M. tuberculosis product responsible for the inhibition of phagosomal maturation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1 < p_T < 10 GeV/c and showed that the pi^0 multiplicity in central reactions is significantly below the yields measured at the same squarert(s_NN) in peripheral Au+Au and p+p reactions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions.
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1 < p_T < 10 GeV/c have been measured at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The pi^0 multiplicity in central reactions is significantly below the yields measured at the same sqrt(s_NN) in peripheral Au+Au and p+p reactions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. For the most central bin, the suppression factor is ~2.5 at p_T = 2 GeV/c and increases to ~4-5 at p_T ~= 4 GeV/c. At larger p_T, the suppression remains constant within errors. The deficit is already apparent in semi-peripheral reactions and increases smoothly with centrality.
01 Mar 2003-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The PHENIX detector as mentioned in this paper is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions, and is used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon.
Abstract: The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume The overall design parameters of the detector are presented (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BV All rights reserved
TL;DR: A one-step, templateless method to directly prepare large arrays of oriented TiO2-based nanotubes and continuous films and coatings that have potentials for applications in catalysis, filtration, sensing, photovoltaic cells, and high surface area electrodes is reported.
Abstract: We report for the first time a one-step, templateless method to directly prepare large arrays of oriented TiO2-based nanotubes and continuous films These titania nanostructures can also be easily prepared as conformal coatings on a substrate The nanostructured films were formed on a Ti substrate seeded with TiO2 nanoparticles SEM and TEM results suggested that a folding mechanism of sheetlike structures was involved in the formation of the nanotubes The oriented arrays of TiO2 nanotubes, continuous films, and coatings are expected to have potentials for applications in catalysis, filtration, sensing, photovoltaic cells, and high surface area electrodes
TL;DR: It is suggested that hippocampus undergoes structural and biochemical changes with normal aging and that these changes may represent an important component of age-related deterioration in hippocampus-dependent cognition.
Abstract: Aging is often accompanied by learning and memory problems, many of which resemble deficits associated with hippocampal damage. Studies of aging in nonhuman animals have demonstrated hippocampus-related memory decline, and point to a possible locus for impairments associated with normal and pathological aging in humans. Two well-characterized hippocampus-dependent tasks in nonhuman animal literature are the Morris water task (MWT) and the transverse patterning discrimination task (TPDT). We employed the virtual MWT and the TPDT to assess hippocampus-dependent cognition in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to measure hippocampal volume and neurochemistry respectively. Age-related deficits were observed in performance on both hippocampus-dependent tasks. This pattern of impairment was accompanied by decreased hippocampal NAA/Cre ratios and volume, both of which imply neuronal loss and/or decrease in neuronal density. Collectively, our results suggest that hippocampus undergoes structural and biochemical changes with normal aging and that these changes may represent an important component of age-related deterioration in hippocampusdependent cognition.
27 Oct 2003
TL;DR: RISE as discussed by the authors is a randomized instruction set emulator based on the open-source Valgrind x86-to-x86 binary translator, which is designed to resist binary code injection attacks.
Abstract: Binary code injection into an executing program is a common form of attack. Most current defenses against this form of attack use a 'guard all doors' strategy, trying to block the avenues by which execution can be diverted. We describe a complementary method of protection, which disrupts foreign code execution regardless of how the code is injected. A unique and private machine instruction set for each executing program would make it difficult for an outsider to design binary attack code against that program and impossible to use the same binary attack code against multiple machines. As a proof of concept, we describe a randomized instruction set emulator (RISE), based on the open-source Valgrind x86-to-x86 binary translator. The prototype disrupts binary code injection attacks against a program without requiring its recompilation, linking, or access to source code. The paper describes the RISE implementation and its limitations, gives evidence demonstrating that RISE defeats common attacks, considers how the dense x86 instruction set affects the method, and discusses potential extensions of the idea.
TL;DR: This study sought to test the underlying assumption of the face-negotiation theory that face is an explanatory mechanism for culture’s influence on conflict behavior by asking participants in 4 national cultures to describe interpersonal conflict.
Abstract: This study sought to test the underlying assumption of the face-negotiation theory that face is an explanatory mechanism for culture’s influence on conflict behavior. A questionnaire was administered to 768 participants in 4 national cultures (China, Germany, Japan, and the United States) asking them to describe interpersonal conflict. The major findings of this study are as follows: (a) cultural individualism-collectivism had direct and indirect effects on conflict styles, (b) independent self-construal related positively with self-face and interdependent self-construal related positively with other-face, (c) self-face related positively with dominating conflict styles and other-face related positively with avoiding and integrating styles, and (d) face accounted for all of the total variance explained (100% of 19% total explained) in dominating, most of the total variance explained in integrating (70% of 20% total explained), and some of the total variance explained in avoiding (38% of 21% total explaine...
TL;DR: The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC, but there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with p(T)<8 GeV/c and neutral pions with p(T)<10 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at BNL RHIC in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The measured yields are compared to those in p+p collisions at the same sqrt[s(NN)] scaled up by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions in d+Au. The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Instead, there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.
Book•
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The politics of TEK: Power and the integration of knowledge as discussed by the authors. But it's not really "Knowledge" at all, it's more a way of life, and that's the case of the Ruby Range Sheep Steering Committee and the construction of knowledge.
Abstract: Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Aboriginal-State Relations in Kluane Country: An Overview 2. "It's Not Really 'Knowledge' at All, It's More a Way of Life" 3. The Politics of TEK: Power and the Integration of Knowledge 4. Counting Sheep: The Ruby Range Sheep Steering Committee and the Construction of Knowledge 5. Knowledge-Integration in Practice: The Case of the Ruby Range Sheep Steering Committee 6. "Just Like Whitemen": Property and Land Claims in Kluane Country Conclusion Notes References Index