Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology
Monika Bradl,Hans Lassmann +1 more
TLDR
The different pathways leading to oligodendrocyte and myelin loss in human CNS diseases are laid out, and the different principles leading to the restoration of myelin sheaths or to a failure to do so are revealed.Abstract:
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons. Due to this complex differentiation program, and due to their unique metabolism/physiology, oligodendrocytes count among the most vulnerable cells of the CNS. In this review, we first describe the different steps eventually culminating in the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths, as they were revealed by studies in rodents. We will then show differences and similarities of human oligodendrocyte development. Finally, we will lay out the different pathways leading to oligodendrocyte and myelin loss in human CNS diseases, and we will reveal the different principles leading to the restoration of myelin sheaths or to a failure to do so.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
Andrea Cossarizza,Hyun-Dong Chang,Andreas Radbruch,Andreas Acs,Dieter Adam,Sabine Adam-Klages,William W. Agace,William W. Agace,Nima Aghaeepour,Mübeccel Akdis,Matthieu Allez,Larissa Nogueira Almeida,Giorgia Alvisi,Graham Anderson,Immanuel Andrä,Francesco Annunziato,Achille Anselmo,Petra Bacher,Cosima T. Baldari,Sudipto Bari,Vincenzo Barnaba,Vincenzo Barnaba,Joana Barros-Martins,Luca Battistini,Wolfgang Bauer,Sabine Baumgart,Nicole Baumgarth,Dirk Baumjohann,Bianka Baying,Mary Bebawy,Burkhard Becher,Wolfgang Beisker,Vladimir Benes,Rudi Beyaert,Alfonso Blanco,Dominic A. Boardman,Christian Bogdan,Jessica G. Borger,Giovanna Borsellino,Philip E. Boulais,Jolene Bradford,Dirk Brenner,Dirk Brenner,Ryan R. Brinkman,Anna E. S. Brooks,Dirk H. Busch,Martin Büscher,Timothy P. Bushnell,Federica Calzetti,Garth Cameron,Ilenia Cammarata,Xuetao Cao,Susanna Cardell,Stefano Casola,Marco A. Cassatella,Andrea Cavani,Antonio Celada,Lucienne Chatenoud,Pratip K. Chattopadhyay,Sue Chow,Eleni Christakou,Eleni Christakou,Luka Cicin-Sain,Mario Clerici,Federico Colombo,Laura Cook,Anne Cooke,Andrea M. Cooper,Alexandra J. Corbett,Antonio Cosma,Lorenzo Cosmi,Pierre Coulie,Ana Cumano,Ljiljana Cvetkovic,Van Duc Dang,Chantip Dang-Heine,Martin S. Davey,Derek Davies,Sara De Biasi,Genny Del Zotto,Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz,Michael Delacher,Silvia Della Bella,Paolo Dellabona,Günnur Deniz,Mark C. Dessing,James P. Di Santo,Andreas Diefenbach,Francesco Dieli,Andreas Dolf,Thomas Dörner,Regine J. Dress,Diana Dudziak,Michael L. Dustin,Charles-Antoine Dutertre,Charles-Antoine Dutertre,Friederike Ebner,Sidonia B G Eckle,Matthias Edinger,Pascale Eede,Götz R. A. Ehrhardt,Marcus Eich,Pablo Engel,Britta Engelhardt,Anna Erdei,Charlotte Esser,Bart Everts,Maximilien Evrard,Christine S. Falk,Todd A. Fehniger,Mar Felipo-Benavent,Helen Ferry,Markus Feuerer,Andrew Filby,Kata Filkor,Simon Fillatreau,Marie Follo,Irmgard Förster,John Bellamy Foster,Gemma A. Foulds,Britta Frehse,Paul S. Frenette,Stefan Frischbutter,Wolfgang Fritzsche,David W. Galbraith,David W. Galbraith,Anastasia Gangaev,Natalio Garbi,Brice Gaudilliere,Ricardo T. Gazzinelli,Ricardo T. Gazzinelli,Jens Geginat,Wilhelm Gerner,Nicholas A Gherardin,Kamran Ghoreschi,Lara Gibellini,Florent Ginhoux,Florent Ginhoux,Florent Ginhoux,Keisuke Goda,Keisuke Goda,Keisuke Goda,Dale I. Godfrey,Christoph Goettlinger,José M. González-Navajas,Carl S. Goodyear,Andrea Gori,Jane L. Grogan,Daryl Grummitt,Andreas Grützkau,Claudia Haftmann,Jonas Hahn,Hamida Hammad,Günter J. Hämmerling,Leo Hansmann,Göran K. Hansson,Christopher M. Harpur,Susanne Hartmann,Andrea Hauser,Anja E. Hauser,David L. Haviland,David W. Hedley,Daniela C. Hernández,Guadalupe Herrera,Martin Herrmann,Christoph Hess,Christoph Hess,Thomas Höfer,Petra Hoffmann,Kristin A. Hogquist,Tristan Holland,Thomas Höllt,Thomas Höllt,Rikard Holmdahl,Pleun Hombrink,Jessica P. Houston,Bimba F. Hoyer,Bo Huang,Fang-Ping Huang,Johanna Huber,Jochen Huehn,Michael Hundemer,Christopher A. Hunter,William Hwang,William Hwang,Anna Iannone,Florian Ingelfinger,Sabine Ivison,Hans-Martin Jäck,Peter K. Jani,Beatriz Jávega,Stipan Jonjić,Toralf Kaiser,Tomas Kalina,Thomas Kamradt,Stefan H. E. Kaufmann,Baerbel Keller,Steven L. C. Ketelaars,Ahad Khalilnezhad,Ahad Khalilnezhad,Srijit Khan,Jan Kisielow,Paul Klenerman,Jasmin Knopf,Hui-Fern Koay,Katja Kobow,Jay K. Kolls,Wan Ting Kong,Manfred Kopf,Thomas Korn,Katharina Kriegsmann,Hendy Kristyanto,Thomas Kroneis,Andreas Krueger,J. Kühne,Christian Kukat,Désirée Kunkel,Heike Kunze-Schumacher,Tomohiro Kurosaki,Christian Kurts,Pia Kvistborg,Immanuel Kwok,Immanuel Kwok,Jonathan J M Landry,Olivier Lantz,Paola Lanuti,Francesca LaRosa,Agnès Lehuen,Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann,Michael D. Leipold,Leslie Y. T. Leung,Megan K. Levings,Andreia C. Lino,Francesco Liotta,Virginia Litwin,Yanling Liu,Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren,Michael Lohoff,Giovanna Lombardi,Lilly Lopez,Miguel López-Botet,Amy E. Lovett-Racke,Erik Lubberts,Hervé Luche,Burkhard Ludewig,Enrico Lugli,Sebastian Lunemann,Holden T. Maecker,Laura Maggi,Orla Maguire,Florian Mair,Kerstin H. Mair,Alberto Mantovani,Rudolf A. Manz,Aaron J. Marshall,Alicia Martínez-Romero,Gloria Martrus,Ivana Marventano,Wlodzimierz Maslinski,Giuseppe Matarese,Anna Vittoria Mattioli,Christian Maueröder,Christian Maueröder,Alessio Mazzoni,James McCluskey,Mairi McGrath,Helen M. McGuire,Iain B. McInnes,Henrik E. Mei,Fritz Melchers,Susanne Melzer,Dirk Mielenz,Stephen D. Miller,Kingston H. G. Mills,Hans Minderman,Jenny Mjösberg,Jenny Mjösberg,Jonni S. Moore,Barry Moran,Lorenzo Moretta,Tim R. Mosmann,Susann Müller,Gabriele Multhoff,Luis E. Muñoz,Christian Münz,Toshinori Nakayama,Milena Nasi,Katrin Neumann,Lai Guan Ng,Antonia Niedobitek,Sussan Nourshargh,Gabriel Núñez,José-Enrique O'Connor,A Ochel,Anna E. Oja,Diana Ordonez,Alberto Orfao,Eva Orlowski-Oliver,Wenjun Ouyang,Annette Oxenius,Raghavendra Palankar,Isabel Panse,Kovit Pattanapanyasat,Malte Paulsen,Dinko Pavlinic,Livius Penter,Pärt Peterson,Christian Peth,Jordi Petriz,Federica Piancone,Winfried F. Pickl,Silvia Piconese,Marcello Pinti,A. Graham Pockley,Malgorzata J. Podolska,Zhiyong Poon,Katharina Pracht,Immo Prinz,Carlo Pucillo,Sally A. Quataert,Linda Quatrini,Kylie M. Quinn,Kylie M. Quinn,Helena Radbruch,Tim R. Radstake,Susann Rahmig,Hans-Peter Rahn,Bartek Rajwa,Gevitha Ravichandran,Yotam Raz,Jonathan Rebhahn,Diether J. Recktenwald,Dorothea Reimer,Caetano Reis e Sousa,Ester B. M. Remmerswaal,Lisa Richter,Laura G. Rico,Andy Riddell,Aja M. Rieger,J. Paul Robinson,Chiara Romagnani,Anna Rubartelli,Jürgen Ruland,Armin Saalmüller,Yvan Saeys,Takashi Saito,Shimon Sakaguchi,Francisco Sala-de-Oyanguren,Yvonne Samstag,Sharon Sanderson,Inga Sandrock,Angela Santoni,Ramon Bellmas Sanz,Marina Saresella,Catherine Sautès-Fridman,Birgit Sawitzki,Linda Schadt,Alexander Scheffold,Hans Scherer,Matthias Schiemann,Frank A. Schildberg,Esther Schimisky,Andreas Schlitzer,Josephine Schlosser,S Schmid,Steffen Schmitt,Kilian Schober,Daniel Schraivogel,Wolfgang Schuh,Thomas Schüler,Reiner Schulte,Axel Schulz,Sebastian R. Schulz,Cristiano Scottà,Daniel Scott-Algara,David P. Sester,T. Vincent Shankey,Bruno Silva-Santos,Anna Katharina Simon,Katarzyna M. Sitnik,Silvano Sozzani,Daniel E. Speiser,Josef Spidlen,Anders Ståhlberg,Alan M. Stall,Natalie Stanley,Regina Stark,Christina Stehle,Tobit Steinmetz,Hannes Stockinger,Yousuke Takahama,Kiyoshi Takeda,Leonard Tan,Leonard Tan,Attila Tárnok,Attila Tárnok,Attila Tárnok,Gisa Tiegs,Gergely Toldi,Julia Tornack,Elisabetta Traggiai,Mohamed Trebak,Timothy Tree,Timothy Tree,Joe Trotter,John Trowsdale,Maria Tsoumakidou,Henning Ulrich,Sophia Urbanczyk,Willem van de Veen,Maries van den Broek,Edwin van der Pol,Sofie Van Gassen,Gert Van Isterdael,René A. W. van Lier,Marc Veldhoen,Salvador Vento-Asturias,Paulo Vieira,David Voehringer,Hans-Dieter Volk,Anouk von Borstel,Konrad von Volkmann,Ari Waisman,Rachael C. Walker,Paul K. Wallace,Sa A. Wang,Xin M. Wang,Michael D. Ward,Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge,Klaus Warnatz,Gary Warnes,Sarah Warth,Claudia Waskow,Claudia Waskow,James V. Watson,Carsten Watzl,Leonie Wegener,Thomas Weisenburger,Annika Wiedemann,Jürgen Wienands,Anneke Wilharm,Robert J. Wilkinson,Robert J. Wilkinson,Robert J. Wilkinson,Gerald Willimsky,James B. Wing,Rieke Winkelmann,Thomas Winkler,Oliver F. Wirz,Alicia Wong,Peter Wurst,Jennie H M Yang,Jennie H M Yang,Juhao Yang,Maria Yazdanbakhsh,Liping Yu,Alice Yue,Hanlin Zhang,Yi Zhao,Susanne Ziegler,Christina E. Zielinski,Jakob Zimmermann,Arturo Zychlinsky +462 more
TL;DR: These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community providing the theory and key practical aspects offlow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain
TL;DR: This review will focus on how cytokines and chemokines affect neuroinflammation and disease pathogenesis in bacterial meningitis and brain abscesses, Lyme neuroborreliosis, human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, and neuropathic pain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extracellular Matrix: Functions in the Nervous System
TL;DR: Recent findings that have shed light on the specific functions of defined extracellular matrix molecules on such diverse processes as neural stem cell differentiation, neuronal migration, the formation of axonal tracts, and the maturation and function of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous system are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
ALS Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: Where Are We Now?
Rita Mejzini,Loren L. Flynn,Loren L. Flynn,Ianthe Pitout,Ianthe Pitout,Sue Fletcher,Sue Fletcher,Steve D. Wilton,Steve D. Wilton,P.A. Akkari,P.A. Akkari +10 more
TL;DR: The genetic basis of ALS is reviewed, highlighting factors that have contributed to the elusiveness of genetic heritability and future directions for research that may lead to effective treatment strategies outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a microglia phenotype supportive of remyelination
Marta Olah,Sandra Amor,Sandra Amor,Nieske Brouwer,Jonathan Vinet,Bart J. L. Eggen,Knut Biber,Knut Biber,Hendrikus Boddeke +8 more
TL;DR: The notion that the primary function of microglia is the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the support of regeneration already at the earliest stages in the development of demyelinating lesions is reinforced.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination.
Claudia F. Lucchinetti,Wolfgang Brück,Joseph E. Parisi,Bernd W. Scheithauer,Moses Rodriguez,Hans Lassmann +5 more
TL;DR: At a given time point of the disease, the patterns of demyelination were heterogeneous between patients, but were homogenous within multiple active lesions from the same patient, suggesting that MS may be a disease with heterogeneous pathogenetic mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica : distinction from multiple sclerosis
Vanda A. Lennon,Dean M. Wingerchuk,Thomas J. Kryzer,Sean J. Pittock,C. F. Lucchinetti,Kazuo Fujihara,Ichiro Nakashima,Brian G. Weinshenker +7 more
TL;DR: NMO-IgG is a specific marker autoantibody of neuromyelitis optica and binds at or near the blood-brain barrier that distinguishes neuromyleitis opticas from multiple sclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel.
TL;DR: It is shown that NMO-IgG binds selectively to the aquaporin-4 water channel, a component of the dystroglycan protein complex located in astrocytic foot processes at the blood-brain barrier, which may represent the first example of a novel class of autoimmune channelopathy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
TL;DR: This review deals with the recent progress related to the origin and differentiation of the oligodendrocytes, their relationships to other neural cells, and functional neuroglial interactions under physiological conditions and in demyelinating diseases.
Related Papers (5)
Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy
Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity
Ursula Fünfschilling,Lotti Marianna Supplie,Don J. Mahad,Don J. Mahad,Susann Boretius,Aiman S. Saab,Julia M. Edgar,Bastian G. Brinkmann,Celia M. Kassmann,Iva D. Tzvetanova,Wiebke Möbius,Francisca Diaz,Dies Meijer,Ueli Suter,Bernd Hamprecht,Michael W. Sereda,Carlos T. Moraes,Jens Frahm,Sandra Goebbels,Klaus-Armin Nave +19 more