Journal ArticleDOI
Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system
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TLDR
The anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines are detailed, and it is suggested how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout the intestine.Abstract:
The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal microbiota, and it is the port of entry for many clinically important pathogens. Intestinal immune processes are also increasingly implicated in controlling disease development elsewhere in the body. In this Review, we detail the anatomical and physiological distinctions that are observed in the small and large intestines, and we suggest how these may account for the diversity in the immune apparatus that is seen throughout the intestine. We describe how the distribution of innate, adaptive and innate-like immune cells varies in different segments of the intestine and discuss the environmental factors that may influence this. Finally, we consider the implications of regional immune specialization for inflammatory disease in the intestine.read more
Citations
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Personalized Gut Mucosal Colonization Resistance to Empiric Probiotics Is Associated with Unique Host and Microbiome Features
Niv Zmora,Niv Zmora,Gili Zilberman-Schapira,Jotham Suez,Uria Mor,Mally Dori-Bachash,Stavros Bashiardes,Eran Kotler,Maya Zur,Dana Regev-Lehavi,Rotem Ben-Zeev Brik,Sara Federici,Yotam Cohen,Raquel Linevsky,Daphna Rothschild,Andreas E. Moor,Shani Ben-Moshe,Alon Harmelin,Shalev Itzkovitz,Nitsan Maharshak,Nitsan Maharshak,Oren Shibolet,Oren Shibolet,Hagit Shapiro,Meirav Pevsner-Fischer,Itai Sharon,Zamir Halpern,Zamir Halpern,Eran Segal,Eran Elinav +29 more
TL;DR: The metagenomically characterized the murine and human mucosal-associated gastrointestinal microbiome and found it to only partially correlate with stool microbiome, indicating that empiric probiotics supplementation may be limited in universally and persistently impacting the gut mucosa.
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Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises
TL;DR: Recent evidence of the impact of the gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and focus on selected key mechanisms is discussed and the cases of the bacteria Prevotella copri and Akkermansia muciniphila will be discussed as key examples.
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Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health?
TL;DR: The present knowledge on the properties of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity, are summarized.
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Fusobacterium nucleatum and T Cells in Colorectal Carcinoma.
Kosuke Mima,Yasutaka Sukawa,Reiko Nishihara,Zhi Rong Qian,Mai Yamauchi,Kentaro Inamura,Kentaro Inamura,Sun A. Kim,Atsuhiro Masuda,Jonathan A. Nowak,Katsuhiko Nosho,Aleksandar Kostic,Aleksandar Kostic,Marios Giannakis,Marios Giannakis,Hideo Watanabe,Hideo Watanabe,Susan Bullman,Susan Bullman,Danny A. Milner,Danny A. Milner,Curtis C. Harris,Edward Giovannucci,Levi A. Garraway,Levi A. Garraway,Gordon J. Freeman,Gordon J. Freeman,Glenn Dranoff,Glenn Dranoff,Andrew T. Chan,Andrew T. Chan,Wendy S. Garrett,Wendy S. Garrett,Curtis Huttenhower,Curtis Huttenhower,Charles S. Fuchs,Charles S. Fuchs,Shuji Ogino,Shuji Ogino +38 more
TL;DR: The human population data may provide an impetus for further investigations on potential interactive roles of Fusobacterium and host immunity in colon carcinogenesis, and the amount of tissue F nucleatum is inversely associated with CD3+ T-cell density in colorectal carcinoma tissue.
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The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Spatial Organization to Function.
TL;DR: This Review presents the current understanding of principles governing the localization of intestinal bacteria, and spatial relationships between bacteria and their hosts, and discusses important emerging directions that will enable progressing from the inherently descriptive nature of localization and -omics technologies to provide functional, quantitative, and mechanistic insight into this complex ecosystem.
References
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TL;DR: It is shown that the orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat is the key transcription factor that orchestrates the differentiation of this effector cell lineage of proinflammatory T helper cells and its potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases is highlighted.
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Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis
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Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
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TL;DR: A meta-analysis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans is undertaken, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivaylo I. Ivanov,Koji Atarashi,Nicolas Manel,Eoin L. Brodie,Tatsuichiro Shima,Ulas Karaoz,Dongguang Wei,Katherine C. Goldfarb,Clark A. Santee,Susan V. Lynch,Takeshi Tanoue,Akemi Imaoka,Kikuji Itoh,Kiyoshi Takeda,Yoshinori Umesaki,Kenya Honda,Dan R. Littman +16 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that colonisation of mice with a segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria.
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