Alcatel-Lucent

About: Alcatel-Lucent is a based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Network packet. The organization has 37003 authors who have published 53332 publications receiving 1430547 citations. The organization is also known as: Alcatel-Lucent S.A. & Alcatel.

Biological glass fibers: Correlation between optical and structural properties

Abstract: Biological systems have, through the course of time, evolved unique solutions for complex optical problems. These solutions are often achieved through a sophisticated control of fine structural features. Here we present a detailed study of the optical properties of basalia spicules from the glass sponge Euplectella aspergillum and reconcile them with structural characteristics. We show these biosilica fibers to have a distinctive layered design with specific compositional variations in the glass/organic composite and a corresponding nonuniform refractive index profile with a high-index core and a low-index cladding. The spicules can function as single-mode, few-mode, or multimode fibers, with spines serving as illumination points along the spicule shaft. The presence of a lens-like structure at the end of the fiber increases its light-collecting efficiency. Although free-space coupling experiments emphasize the similarity of these spicules to commercial optical fibers, the absence of any birefringence, the presence of technologically inaccessible dopants in the fibers, and their improved mechanical properties highlight the advantages of the low-temperature synthesis used by biology to construct these remarkable structures.

Internet traffic engineering without full mesh overlaying

Abstract: The overlay approach has been widely used by many service providers for traffic engineering in large Internet backbones. In the overlay approach, logical connections are set up between edge nodes to form a full mesh virtual network on top of the physical topology. IP routing is then run over the virtual network. Traffic engineering objectives are achieved through carefully routing logical connections over the physical links. Although the overlay approach has been implemented in many operational networks, it has a number of well-known scaling issues. This paper proposes a new approach, which we call the integrated approach, to achieve traffic engineering without full-mesh overlaying. In the integrated approach, IP routing runs natively over the physical topology rather than over the virtual network. Traffic engineering objectives are realized by setting appropriate link metrics in IP routing protocols. We first illustrate our approach with a simple network, then present a formal analysis of the integrated approach and a method for deriving the appropriate link weights. Our analysis shows that for any given set of optimal routes of the overlay approach with respect to a set of traffic demands, the integrated approach can achieve exactly the same result by reproducing them as shortest paths. We further extend the result to a more generic one: for any arbitrary set of routes, as long as they are not loopy, they can be converted to shortest-paths with respect to some set of positive link weights. A theoretical insight of our result is that the optimal routing (with respect to any objective function) is always shortest path routing with respect to some appropriate positive link weights.

Next generation sliceable bandwidth variable transponders

Abstract: This article reports the work on next generation transponders for optical networks carried out within the last few years. A general architecture supporting super-channels (i.e., optical connections composed of several adjacent subcarriers) and sliceability (i.e., subcarriers grouped in a number of independent super-channels with different destinations) is presented. Several transponder implementations supporting different transmission techniques are considered, highlighting advantages, economics, and complexity. Discussions include electronics, optical components, integration, and programmability. Application use cases are reported.

Management-data-gathering system for gathering on clients and servers data regarding interactions between the servers, the clients, and users of the clients during real use of a network of clients and servers

Abstract: In an information network of clients (101-102) and servers (103-104), a service management system (122) of a server gathers data from the server and from the clients for managing an information service. Information management data is gathered on a client by extensions (131) to a browser (130) and is periodically reported to the service management system. Data gathered on the server includes: number of page accesses per unit of time, durations of delays between receipt of client requests for information and the server responses thereto, number of accesses to each accessed page from each referring page, number of page accesses per browser type, processor and mass-storage occupancy of the server, and configuration details of each accessing browser. Data gathered on the client includes: durations of delays between the client placing a request and a server's response to the request, the amount of time that a particular object is active at the client, abandon count and time, click-ahead count and time, and client demographics. The service management system uses the gathered data to generate reports for a manager of the information service.