Showing papers by "Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology published in 2015"
Dresden University of Technology1, Catholic University of Portugal2, Centre national de la recherche scientifique3, University of Cyprus4, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center5, Maynooth University6, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology7, Norwegian University of Life Sciences8, University of Lorraine9, Vienna University of Technology10, University of Turku11, University of Catania12, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology13, University of Tartu14, Cajal Institute15, Spanish National Research Council16
TL;DR: The main knowledge gaps, the future research needs and the policy and management options that should be prioritized to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment are discussed.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a threat to human and animal health worldwide, and key measures are required to reduce the risks posed by antibiotic resistance genes that occur in the environment. These measures include the identification of critical points of control, the development of reliable surveillance and risk assessment procedures, and the implementation of technological solutions that can prevent environmental contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes. In this Opinion article, we discuss the main knowledge gaps, the future research needs and the policy and management options that should be prioritized to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment.
1,495 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors build and calibrate an integrated hydrological model of Europe using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) program, and discuss issues with data availability, calibration of large-scale distributed models, and outline procedures for model calibration and uncertainty analysis.
1,052 citations
Illinois State University1, York University2, California University of Pennsylvania3, Washington State University4, United States Geological Survey5, Norwegian Institute for Air Research6, University of Wisconsin-Madison7, Uppsala University8, University of Konstanz9, University at Albany, SUNY10, Leibniz Association11, University of Waikato12, University of Helsinki13, University of Minnesota14, Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests15, Colorado State University16, University of Adelaide17, Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland18, University of Innsbruck19, University of Florida20, Cornell University21, International Institute for Sustainable Development22, California Institute of Technology23, Irkutsk State University24, Estonian University of Life Sciences25, Ritsumeikan University26, Finnish Environment Institute27, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory28, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology29, University of California, Santa Barbara30, University of Hamburg31, Russian Academy of Sciences32, Royal Museum for Central Africa33, National Research Council34, Ontario Ministry of the Environment35, University of New Hampshire36, University of Washington37, University of California, Davis38, Melikşah University39, University of Vienna40, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research41, University of Eastern Finland42, Seqwater43, Miami University44, Chinese Academy of Sciences45
TL;DR: In the first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, this paper found that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009.
Abstract: In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factors—from seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72°C decade−1) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53°C decade−1). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes.
822 citations
TL;DR: How phenotypic heterogeneity allows genotypes to persist in fluctuating environments is discussed and how it promotes interactions between Phenotypic subpopulations in clonal groups, providing microbial groups with new functionality is described.
Abstract: Most microbial communities consist of a genetically diverse assembly of different organisms, and the level of genetic diversity plays an important part in community properties and functions. However, biological diversity also arises at a lower level of biological organization, between genetically identical cells that reside in the same microenvironment. In this Review, I outline the molecular mechanisms responsible for phenotypic heterogeneity and discuss how phenotypic heterogeneity allows genotypes to persist in fluctuating environments. I also describe how it promotes interactions between phenotypic subpopulations in clonal groups, providing microbial groups with new functionality.
678 citations
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology1, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ2, Umeå University3, Technische Universität München4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, University of Tübingen6, Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment7, Norwegian Institute for Water Research8, University of Antwerp9, Suez Environnement10, University of Padua11, Norwegian Institute for Air Research12, ETH Zurich13
TL;DR: A dataset from a collaborative non-target screening trial organised by the NORMAN Association is used to review the state-of-the-art and discuss future perspectives of non- target screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry in water analysis.
Abstract: In this article, a dataset from a collaborative non-target screening trial organised by the NORMAN Association is used to review the state-of-the-art and discuss future perspectives of non-target screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry in water analysis. A total of 18 institutes from 12 European countries analysed an extract of the same water sample collected from the River Danube with either one or both of liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. This article focuses mainly on the use of high resolution screening techniques with target, suspect, and non-target workflows to identify substances in environmental samples. Specific examples are given to emphasise major challenges including isobaric and co-eluting substances, dependence on target and suspect lists, formula assignment, the use of retention information, and the confidence of identification. Approaches and methods applicable to unit resolution data are also discussed. Although most substances were identified using high resolution data with target and suspect-screening approaches, some participants proposed tentative non-target identifications. This comprehensive dataset revealed that non-target analytical techniques are already substantially harmonised between the participants, but the data processing remains time-consuming. Although the objective of a “fully-automated identification workflow” remains elusive in the short term, important steps in this direction have been taken, exemplified by the growing popularity of suspect screening approaches. Major recommendations to improve non-target screening include better integration and connection of desired features into software packages, the exchange of target and suspect lists, and the contribution of more spectra from standard substances into (openly accessible) databases.
462 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the TIS framework can be further strengthened by a more elaborated conceptualization of TIS context structures and TIS-context interactions, identifying and discussing four especially important types of context structures: technological, sectorial, geographical and political.
Abstract: This paper addresses interactions between technological innovation systems (TIS) and wider "context structures". While TIS studies have always considered various kinds of contextual influences, we suggest that the TIS framework can be further strengthened by a more elaborated conceptualization of TIS context structures and TIS-context interactions. For that purpose, we identify and discuss four especially important types of context structures: technological, sectorial, geographical and political. For each of these, we provide examples of different ways in which context structures can interact with a focal TIS and how our understanding of TIS dynamics is enhanced by considering them explicitly. Lessons for analysts are given and a research agenda is outlined.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the effect of capture and extraction protocols on metabarcode detections of biodiversity using 16S for eubacteria and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) for eukaryotes.
345 citations
TL;DR: An overview of current knowledge on Se cycling with a specific focus on soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces is given and sources, speciation and mobility of Se in soils and plants will be discussed as well as Se hyperaccumulation by plants, biofortification and biomethylation.
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, which occurs ubiquitously in the environment. It is present in trace amounts in both organic and inorganic forms in marine and freshwater systems, soils, biomass and in the atmosphere. Low Se levels in certain terrestrial environments have resulted in Se deficiency in humans, while elevated Se levels in waters and soils can be toxic and result in the death of aquatic wildlife and other animals. Human dietary Se intake is largely governed by Se concentrations in plants, which are controlled by root uptake of Se as a function of soil Se concentrations, speciation and bioavailability. In addition, plants and microorganisms can biomethylate Se, which can result in a loss of Se to the atmosphere. The mobilization of Se across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces is thus of crucial importance for human Se status. This review gives an overview of current knowledge on Se cycling with a specific focus on soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces. Sources, speciation and mobility of Se in soils and plants will be discussed as well as Se hyperaccumulation by plants, biofortification and biomethylation. Future research on Se cycling in the environment is essential to minimize the adverse health effects associated with unsafe environmental Se levels.
311 citations
Stockholm University1, Rijkswaterstaat2, IRSA3, Environmental Protection Agency4, University of Gothenburg5, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology6, Marine Scotland7, Suffolk University8, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs9, RWTH Aachen University10, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ11
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of different monitoring programmes linking chemical and ecological status assessment.
Abstract: The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
277 citations
University of Wisconsin-Madison1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, University of Nevada, Reno3, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala4, Finnish Environment Institute5, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology6, University of California, Davis7, Irkutsk State University8, Technical University of Kenya9, University of Dar es Salaam10, Wright State University11
TL;DR: This article used long-term temperature data (1970-2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area and volume) and mean lake temperature.
Abstract: Climate change is affecting lake stratification with consequences for water quality and the benefits that lakes provide to society. Here we use long-term temperature data (1970–2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake stratification changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area, and volume) and mean lake temperature. Deep lakes and lakes with high average temperatures have experienced the largest changes in lake stratification even though their surface temperatures tend to be warming more slowly. These results confirm that the nonlinear relationship between water density and water temperature and the strong dependence of lake stratification on lake morphometry makes lake temperature trends relatively poor predictors of lake stratification trends.
270 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current approaches used to assess treated wastewater quality from the chemical and ecotoxicological perspective and critically discusses the benefits and limitations of the different methodologies reviewed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify three service-led growth trajectories: becoming an availability provider, becoming a performance provider, which resembles project-based sales and implies an even greater differentiation of what customers are offered; and, becoming an industrializer, which is about standardizing previously customized solutions to promote repeatability and scalability.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a database of biotic or abiotic transformation products (TPs) of emerging pollutants compiled from those identified in recent years and discuss mass spectrometric (MS) techniques and workflows for target, suspect and non-target screening of TPs with emphasis on liquid chromatography coupled to MS.
Abstract: Identification of transformation products (TPs) of emerging pollutants is challenging, due to the vast number of compounds, mostly unknown, the complexity of the matrices and their often low concentrations, requiring highly selective, highly sensitive techniques. We compile background information on biotic and abiotic formation of TPs and analytical developments over the past five years. We present a database of biotic or abiotic TPs compiled from those identified in recent years. We discuss mass spectrometric (MS) techniques and workflows for target, suspect and non-target screening of TPs with emphasis on liquid chromatography coupled to MS (LC-MS). Both low- and high-resolution (HR) mass analyzers have been applied, but HR-MS is the technique of choice, due to its high confirmatory capabilities, derived from the high resolving power and the mass accuracy in MS and MS/MS modes, and the sophisticated software developed.
TL;DR: An integrated workflow based on liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS) was developed and applied to detect and identify suspect and unknown contaminants in Greek wastewater.
Abstract: An integrated workflow based on liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS) was developed and applied to detect and identify suspect and unknown contaminants in Greek wastewater. Tentative identifications were initially based on mass accuracy, isotopic pattern, plausibility of the chromatographic retention time and MS/MS spectral interpretation (comparison with spectral libraries, in silico fragmentation). Moreover, new specific strategies for the identification of metabolites were applied to obtain extra confidence including the comparison of diurnal and/or weekly concentration trends of the metabolite and parent compounds and the complementary use of HILIC. Thirteen of 284 predicted and literature metabolites of selected pharmaceuticals and nicotine were tentatively identified in influent samples from Athens and seven were finally confirmed with reference standards. Thirty four nontarget compounds were tentatively identified, four were also confirmed. The ...
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ1, University of Liverpool2, University of Gothenburg3, Spanish National Research Council4, RWTH Aachen University5, University of Birmingham6, State University of Campinas7, Wageningen University and Research Centre8, Masaryk University9, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology10, Brunel University London11, Leibniz Association12, University of Bern13, University of Novi Sad14, Norwegian Institute for Water Research15, Nanjing University16
TL;DR: The vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS is described, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects, and comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations are explored.
TL;DR: Five case studies illustrate the influence of various sources of uncertainty, level of ecological organisation, and organismal properties on temporal, spatial and phylogenetic forecast horizons and demonstrate that the ecological forecast horizon is a flexible and powerful tool for researching and communicating ecological predictability.
Abstract: Forecasts of ecological dynamics in changing environments are increasingly important, and are available for a plethora of variables, such as species abundance and distribution, community structure and ecosystem processes. There is, however, a general absence of knowledge about how far into the future, or other dimensions (space, temperature, phylogenetic distance), useful ecological forecasts can be made, and about how features of ecological systems relate to these distances. The ecological forecast horizon is the dimensional distance for which useful forecasts can be made. Five case studies illustrate the influence of various sources of uncertainty (e.g. parameter uncertainty, environmental variation, demographic stochasticity and evolution), level of ecological organisation (e.g. population or community), and organismal properties (e.g. body size or number of trophic links) on temporal, spatial and phylogenetic forecast horizons. Insights from these case studies demonstrate that the ecological forecast horizon is a flexible and powerful tool for researching and communicating ecological predictability. It also has potential for motivating and guiding agenda setting for ecological forecasting research and development.
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous fly reactor was monitored for 9 weeks to convert organic waste into animal feed protein, as fly larvae, and plant fertilizer, as compost residue, and observed higher levels of N and P in the treatment residue than in the inflow material.
Abstract: The recycling of organic waste worldwide is not effective, which leads to water pollution and loss of potential crop fertilizers. Available resources have to be used more efficiently as the world population increases. An innovative solution is to use insects for the management of organic waste. Here, we used black soldier fly to convert organic waste into animal feed protein, as fly larvae, and plant fertilizer, as compost residue. A continuous fly reactor was monitored for 9 weeks. We analyzed physicochemical and microbial parameters, and we evaluated the sanitary risk. Results show 55.1 % of material degradation and 11.8 % of biomass conversion based upon total solids. We observed higher levels of N and P in the treatment residue than in the inflow material. Results also show a lower concentration of Salmonella spp. and viruses. Compost treatment with black soldier fly is therefore an efficient system for nutrient recycling.
TL;DR: With the data set from this study, the ratio between the species-specific rate constants for the reactions of chlorine versus bromine with phenolic compounds was confirmed to be about 3000, showing that for natural organic matter samples, oxidation (ET) is far more important than bromines incorporation (EAS).
TL;DR: The major challenges and research needs that were identified for each theme are detailed and a future roadmap for catchment management that cost-effectively minimizes P loss from agricultural activities is identified.
Abstract: The series of papers in this issue of AMBIO represent technical presentations made at the 7th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW7), held in September, 2013 in Uppsala, Sweden. At that meeting, the 150 delegates were involved in round table discussions on major, predetermined themes facing the management of agricultural phosphorus (P) for optimum production goals with minimal water quality impairment. The six themes were (1) P management in a changing world; (2) transport pathways of P from soil to water; (3) monitoring, modeling, and communication; (4) importance of manure and agricultural production systems for P management; (5) identification of appropriate mitigation measures for reduction of P loss; and (6) implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce P loss. This paper details the major challenges and research needs that were identified for each theme and identifies a future roadmap for catchment management that cost-effectively minimizes P loss from agricultural activities.
TL;DR: The potential of freshwater lakes to preserve antibiotic resistance genes, and provides a reference for ARG abundance from lake systems with low human impact as a baseline for assessing ARG contamination in lake water, are demonstrated.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that these peaks in the atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) concentration at AD 774/5 and 993/4 were most likely produced by extreme solar events, based on several new annually resolved 10Be measurements from both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores.
Abstract: The origin of two large peaks in the atmospheric radiocarbon ((14)C) concentration at AD 774/5 and 993/4 is still debated. There is consensus, however, that these features can only be explained by an increase in the atmospheric (14)C production rate due to an extraterrestrial event. Here we provide evidence that these peaks were most likely produced by extreme solar events, based on several new annually resolved (10)Be measurements from both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores. Using ice core (36)Cl data in pair with (10)Be, we further show that these solar events were characterized by a very hard energy spectrum with high fluxes of solar protons with energy above 100 MeV. These results imply that the larger of the two events (AD 774/5) was at least five times stronger than any instrumentally recorded solar event. Our findings highlight the importance of studying the possibility of severe solar energetic particle events.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of eight exemplary papers that illustrate the added value of an explicitly geographical perspective on sustainability transitions, including a conceptual paper, a literature review and six empirical papers that offer representative examples of recent work.
Abstract: Transition research has recently been criticized to lack of geographically sensitive concepts to address sustainability transitions and environmental innovation processes. This has generated a number of suggestions how space, place and scale can be better incorporated into transitions studies. Moreover, it has led to a quickly growing number of empirical studies that explicitly deal with geographical aspects of transition processes. This special issue takes stock of these recent developments by assembling a set of eight exemplary papers that illustrate the added value of an explicitly geographical perspective on sustainability transitions. The contributions include a conceptual paper, a literature review and six empirical papers that offer representative examples of recent work. Taken together, these contributions testify to the vitality of the emerging research on the geography of sustainability transitions. This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of the special issue and offers suggestions for future research.
TL;DR: The contamination by polar organic pollutants was investigated along the Rhine River, an important source of drinking water for 22 million people in central Europe, and two substances that never had been detected before in this river were identified and confirmed.
TL;DR: Interestingly, anammox remained the primary nitrogen consumption route, and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that the shift in performance was not associated with a shift in dominantAnammox bacteria (“Candidatus Brocadia fulgida”).
Ocean Drilling Program1, University of Rhode Island2, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology3, Texas A&M University4, University of North Carolina at Wilmington5, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology6, University of Oldenburg7, Max Planck Society8, Aarhus University9, Oregon State University10, Minnesota State University, Mankato11, Hanyang University12, Yonsei University13, University of Melbourne14, Shizuoka University15, Boston University16, University of Tsukuba17, Hiroshima University18, National Oceanography Centre19, University of Bergen20, University of Tokyo21, Dublin City University22, IFREMER23, Chinese Academy of Sciences24, Ocean University of China25, University of Southern California26
TL;DR: The depth of oxygen penetration and microbial activity in marine sediments varies by region as mentioned in this paper, and the depth of microbial communities varies with the region of interest, and the microbial communities can be found up to 75 meters below the sea floor.
Abstract: The depth of oxygen penetration and microbial activity in marine sediments varies by region. Sediment cores from the South Pacific Gyre host oxygen and aerobic microbial communities to at least 75 metres below the sea floor.
TL;DR: It is found that the degree of specialisation, mobility and their interaction, greatly influenced species’ responses to urbanisation, with highly mobile specialist species of all taxonomic groups being affected most.
Abstract: Urbanisation has an important impact on biodiversity, mostly driving changes in species assemblages, through the replacement of specialist with generalist species, thus leading to biotic homogenisation. Mobility is also assumed to greatly affect species’ ability to cope in urban environments. Moreover, specialisation, mobility and their interaction are expected to greatly influence ecological processes such as metacommunity dynamics and assembly processes, and consequently the way and the spatial scale at which organisms respond to urbanisation. Here we investigate urbanisation impacts on distinct characteristics of species assemblages – namely specialisation degree in resource use, mobility and number of species, classified according to both characteristics and their combination – for vascular plants, butterflies and birds, across a range of spatial scales (from 1 × 1 km plots to 5 km-radius buffers around them).
We found that the degree of specialisation, mobility and their interaction, greatly influenced species’ responses to urbanisation, with highly mobile specialist species of all taxonomic groups being affected most. Two different patterns were found: for plants, urbanisation induced trait divergence by favouring highly mobile species with narrow habitat ranges. For birds and butterflies, however, it reduced the number of highly mobile specialist species, thus driving trait convergence. Mobile organisms, across and within taxonomic groups, tended to respond at larger spatial scales than those that are poorly mobile. These findings emphasize the need to take into consideration species’ ecological aspects, as well as a wide range of spatial scales when evaluating the impact of urbanisation on biodiversity. Our results also highlight the harmful impact of widespread urban expansion on organisms such as butterflies, especially highly mobile specialists, which were negatively affected by urban areas even at great distances.
TL;DR: How the AOP concept can be used to guide research aimed at improving both understanding of chronic toxicity as well as epigenetic and transgenerational effects of chemicals, and the ability to predict adverse outcomes is explored.
03 Jul 2015
TL;DR: Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly and convert organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein.
Abstract: In developing countries, effective waste management strategies are constrained by high collection costs and lack of adequate treatment and disposal options. The organic fraction in particular, which accounts for more than 50% of the waste production, constitutes a great, yet mostly neglected, reuse potential. Concomitantly, the demand for alternative protein sources by the livestock feed industry is sharply increasing. A technology that effectively transforms organic waste into valuable feed is therefore a timely option. Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly. Concurrently, larval feeding converts organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein. In combination with a viable market, this potential animal feed may cover the waste collection costs and thus promote innovative, small-scale entrepreneurs to establish a profitable business niche. Organic waste, however, often c...
York University1, California University of Pennsylvania2, United States Geological Survey3, Illinois State University4, Norwegian Institute for Air Research5, University of Wisconsin-Madison6, Washington State University7, California Institute of Technology8, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology9, Leibniz Association10, University of Waikato11, Institut national de la recherche agronomique12, University of Helsinki13, University of Minnesota14, Ontario Ministry of the Environment15, Colorado State University16, University of Adelaide17, Chinese Academy of Sciences18, State University of New York System19, Archbold Biological Station20, Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland21, University of Florida22, Melbourne Water23, Cornell University24, International Institute of Minnesota25, Irkutsk State University26, Estonian University of Life Sciences27, Finnish Environment Institute28, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory29, University of California, Santa Barbara30, University of Hamburg31, Russian Academy of Sciences32, Royal Museum for Central Africa33, National Research Council34, City University of New York35, University of Washington36, University of California, Davis37, Sydney Catchment Authority38, University of Konstanz39, University of Vienna40, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research41, University of Eastern Finland42, Seqwater43, Uppsala University44, Miami University45
TL;DR: A database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009 offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
Abstract: Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualified assessment of the persistence of ozone-induced transformation products is provided based on a review of published product studies and an evaluation of the biodegradability of transformation products with the BIOWIN and the University of Minnesota Pathway Prediction System.