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A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Stephen S Lim, +210 more
- 15 Dec 2012 - 
- Vol. 380, Iss: 9859, pp 2224-2260
TLDR
In this paper, the authors estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk factors and clusters of risk factors for 21 regions in 1990 and 2010.
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This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2012-12-15 and is currently open access. It has received 9324 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Disease burden & Risk factor.

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A systematic review of air pollution as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in South Asia: Limited evidence from India and Pakistan

TL;DR: The evidence suggesting important air pollution effects regarding CVD risk in South Asia is suggested, however, there is as an urgent need for longer term investigations using robust measures of air pollution with different population groups that include a wider range of air pollutants and outcomes, including early indicators of CVD.
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Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the cancer risks and burdens of selected environmental and occupational exposures in less-developed economies and establish a causal association between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma and lung cancer.
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Implementing the US air quality standard for PM2.5 worldwide can prevent millions of premature deaths per year

TL;DR: The results reflect the need to adopt stricter limits for annual mean PM2.5 levels globally, like the US standard of 12 μg/m3 or an even lower limit to substantially reduce premature mortality in most of the world.
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Current debates and future research needs in the clean cookstove sector

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on four important areas and suggest industry participants expand and re-engage efforts to balance technical stove performance with implementation needs and stove user compatibility, understand the trade-offs associated with local and imported production methods, and determine asuitable role for direc tsubsidies for purchasing stoves and indirect subsidies for research,institutional development and distillation of stoves.
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Transition in source contributions of PM2.5 exposure and associated premature mortality in China during 2005-2015.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the government should dynamically adjust the air pollution control strategy according to the change in source contributions and domestic combustion and agriculture should be prioritized considering their predominant contributions to mortality and the lack of effective control policies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
Journal ArticleDOI

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Rafael Lozano, +195 more
- 15 Dec 2012 - 
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies.

TL;DR: Throughout middle and old age, usual blood pressure is strongly and directly related to vascular (and overall) mortality, without any evidence of a threshold down to at least 115/75 mm Hg.
Book

The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020.

TL;DR: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors" and use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020.
Journal ArticleDOI

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Theo Vos, +363 more
- 15 Dec 2012 - 
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
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Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

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Frequently Asked Questions (4)
Q1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990—2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010 author" ?

Lim, Stephen S, Vos, Umer, Shibuya, Shibaya, Kenji, AdairRohani, Heather, Amann, Markus, Anderson, H Ross, Andrews, Kathryn G, Aryee, Martin, Gmel, Gerhard, Graham, Kathryn, Grainger, Rebecca, Grant, Bridget, Gunnell, David, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hall, Wayne, Hoek, Hans W, Hogan, Anne-Charlson, H Dean, this paper, Nolla, Nissim, Nelson, Paul K 

Shortcomings in the evidence may be any of the following: insufficient duration of trials (or studies); insufficient trials (or studies) available; inadequate sample sizes; or incomplete follow-up. 

The available evidence is based on a substantial number of studies including prospective observational studies and where relevant, randomised controlled trials of sufficient size, duration, and quality showing consistent effects. 

In reality, the burden attributable to different risks overlaps because of multicausality and because the effects of some risk factors are partly mediated throughLim et al.