Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Tumors: How to Seed in the Surroundings Molecular Information for Malignant Transformation and Progression.
Alfredo Cappariello,Nadia Rucci +1 more
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In this paper, the authors discuss the main body of literature describing how the cancer cells use the extracellular vesicles for their growth into the bone and for educating the bone microenvironment to host metastases.Abstract:
Bone is a very dynamic tissue hosting different cell types whose functions are regulated by a plethora of membrane-bound and soluble molecules. Intercellular communication was recently demonstrated to be also sustained by the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These are cell-derived nanosized structures shuttling biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. The bone microenvironment is a preferential site of primary and metastatic tumors, in which cancer cells find a fertile soil to "seed and blossom". Nowadays, many oncogenic processes are recognized to be sustained by EVs. For example, EVs can directly fuel the vicious cycle in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment. EVs create a favourable environment for tumor growth by affecting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. At the same time other crucial tumor-mediated events, such as the premetastatic niche formation, tumor cell dormancy, as well as drug resistance, have been described to be fostered by tumor-derived EVs. In this review, we will discuss the main body of literature describing how the cancer cells use the EVs for their growth into the bone and for educating the bone microenvironment to host metastases.read more
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Bone Marrow Niches and Tumour Cells: Lights and Shadows of a Mutual Relationship
TL;DR: The bone marrow (BM) is the spatial structure within the intra-trabecular spaces of spongious bones and of the cavity of long bones where adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain their undifferentiated and cellular self-renewal state through the intervention of vascular and nervous networks, metabolic pathways, transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, and humoral signals as mentioned in this paper .
Journal ArticleDOI
Extracellular Vesicles and Resistance to Anticancer Drugs: A Tumor Skeleton Key for Unhinging Chemotherapies
TL;DR: The main body of knowledge supporting the crucial role of EVs in the context of chemoresistance is resumed, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms related to some of the main drugs used to fight cancer.
References
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