Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial involvement in Alzheimer disease development and progression
TL;DR: This review will highlight recent studies involved in elucidating microbial involvement in AD development and progression and highlight the importance of knowing the mechanism by which bacteria contribute to neuroinflammation, senile plaque formation, and potentially neurofibrillary tangle accumulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the intestinal microbiota from adulthood through to old age.
TL;DR: Analysis of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in 500 subjects over 65 years of age in Ireland revealed significant inter-individual variation, especially in the proportions of some major bacterial phyla, and significant differences in the microbiota compared with younger adults, which support the notion of modulating the intestine microbiota of older people to promote enhanced nutrition utilization and to improve general health.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Potential Role of Gut Mycobiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
TL;DR: The potential roles of gut mycobiome in the pathogenesis of IBS and the connections between the fungi and existing mechanisms such as chronic low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, and brain-gut interactions are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Host defences against Giardia lamblia
TL;DR: The characterization and evaluation of the protective potential of the immunogenic proteins that are associated with Giardia will offer new insights into host–parasite interactions and may aid in the development of an effective vaccine against the parasite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction between gut immunity and polysaccharides.
TL;DR: The relationship between gut immunity and host health is discussed, primarily from two aspects: the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and the function of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, to reveal the possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides.
References
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