Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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The equine intestinal microbiome.
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Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health.
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Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Metabolism.
Damien Keogh,Ling Ning Lam,Lucinda E. Doyle,Artur Matysik,Shruti Pavagadhi,Shivshankar Umashankar,Pui Man Low,Jennifer L. Dale,Yiyang Song,Sean Pin Ng,Chris Boothroyd,Gary M. Dunny,Sanjay Swarup,Rohan B. H. Williams,Enrico Marsili,Kimberly A. Kline +15 more
TL;DR: A form of iron-dependent metabolism for Enterococcus faecalis where, in the absence of heme, extracellular electron transfer (EET) and increased ATP production augment biofilm growth, and the biofilm matrix can immobilize iron, providing access to this growth-promoting resource which is otherwise inaccessible in the planktonic state.
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The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host.
TL;DR: The influence of the gut microbiota and helminths on host nutrition and immunity and the subsequent effects on the human host's overall health are discussed.
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Generating human intestinal tissues from pluripotent stem cells to study development and disease
Katie L. Sinagoga,James M. Wells +1 more
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