Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota Regulate Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism of Fatty Acids in the Zebrafish
Ivana Semova,Juliana D. Carten,Jesse Stombaugh,Lantz C. Mackey,Rob Knight,Steven A. Farber,John F. Rawls +6 more
TL;DR: In vivo imaging of fluorescent fatty acid analogs delivered to gnotobiotic zebrafish hosts reveals that microbiota stimulate FA uptake and lipid droplet formation in the intestinal epithelium and liver, providing mechanistic insight into how microbiota-diet interactions regulate host energy balance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lactobacillus plantarum Promotes Drosophila Systemic Growth by Modulating Hormonal Signals through TOR-Dependent Nutrient Sensing
TL;DR: It is shown that Lactobacillus plantarum, a commensal bacterium of the Drosophila intestine, is sufficient on its own to recapitulate the natural microbiota growth-promoting effect and indicates that the intestinal microbiota should be envisaged as a factor that influences the systemic growth of its host.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ
TL;DR: The manipulation of the gut microbiota is considered as a potential therapeutic option to treat chronic gastrointestinal disease and recently developed genomic and other tools used to study the gut microbiome are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
Maria De Angelis,Maria Piccolo,Lucia Vannini,Sonya Siragusa,Andrea De Giacomo,Diana Isabella Serrazzanetti,Fernanda Cristofori,Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni,Marco Gobbetti,Ruggiero Francavilla +9 more
TL;DR: If the gut microbiota differences among AD and PDD-NOS and HC children are one of the concomitant causes or the consequence of autism, they may have implications regarding specific diagnostic test, and/or for treatment and prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases
Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova,R. Štěpánková,Hana Kozakova,Tomas Hudcovic,Luca Vannucci,Ludmila Tučková,Pavel Rossmann,Tomáš Hrnčíř,Miloslav Kverka,Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska,Klara Klimesova,Jaroslava Přibylová,Jiřina Bártová,Daniel Sánchez,Petra Fundová,Dana Borovská,Dagmar Šrůtková,Zdeněk Zídek,Martin Schwarzer,Pavel Drastich,David P. Funda +20 more
TL;DR: Direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia is demonstrated using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma, and a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.
References
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