Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Short-chain fatty acids stimulate angiopoietin-like 4 synthesis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.
Sheril Alex,Katja Lange,Tom Amolo,Jeffrey S Grinstead,Jeffrey S Grinstead,Anders Kristian Haakonsson,Ewa Szalowska,Arjen Koppen,Karin Mudde,Daniëlle Haenen,Saad Al-Lahham,Han Roelofsen,René Houtman,Bart van der Burg,Susanne Mandrup,Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin,Eric Kalkhoven,Michael Müller,Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld,Sander Kersten +19 more
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Role of commensal and probiotic bacteria in human health: a focus on inflammatory bowel disease
Rebeca Martín,Rebeca Martín,Sylvie Miquel,Sylvie Miquel,Jonathan E. Ulmer,Jonathan E. Ulmer,Noura Kechaou,Noura Kechaou,Philippe Langella,Philippe Langella,Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán,Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán +11 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes some of the recent findings and perspectives in the study of the crosstalk of both commensal and probiotic bacteria with the human host as well as the latest studies in recombinant commensals and probiotics.
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Gut microbiota: next frontier in understanding human health and development of biotherapeutics.
TL;DR: The human gut microbiota is a legitimate therapeutic target to treat and/or prevent various diseases and can be exploited in development of biotherapeutics.
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Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that both diet and body size affect diversity in the gut but that gut physiology (fermenter versus simple) is the most important driver.
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Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease.
Karel Talavera,Justyna B. Startek,Julio Alvarez-Collazo,Brett Boonen,Yeranddy A. Alpizar,Alicia Sanchez,Robbe Naert,Bernd Nilius +7 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel is reviewed, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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